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第 4 单元 - 参考

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to challenge
2-
goal
3-
to control
4-
fear
5-
physical
6-
mental
7-
strength
8-
to rely on
9-
to build
10-
shelter
11-
to achieve
12-
to cope
13-
to push
14-
survival
15-
wilderness
16-
brave
17-
confident
18-
determined
19-
fit
20-
funny
21-
generous
22-
intelligent
23-
motivated
24-
reliable
25-
talented
26-
blanket
27-
match
28-
candle
29-
chocolate
30-
first-aid kit
31-
mirror
32-
penknife
33-
radio
34-
scissors
35-
tent
36-
torch
37-
umbrella
to challenge
to challenge
动词
ch
ʧ
a
æ
ll
l
e
ə
n
n
g
ʤ
e
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(考验)

(考验)

挑战

to invite someone to compete or strongly suggest they should do something, often to test their abilities or encourage action

example
示例
Click on words
She challenges her colleagues to a friendly chess match every Friday.
The coach challenges the team to improve their performance in the next game.

语法信息:

及物动词
goal
goal
名词
g
g
oa
l
l
(目的)

(目的)

目标

our purpose or desired result

to control
to control
动词
c
k
o
ə
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
l
l
(控制)

(控制)

掌控

to have power over a person, company, country, etc. and to decide how things should be done

语法信息:

及物动词
fear
fear
名词
f
f
ea
ɪ
r
r
(害怕)

(害怕)

恐惧

a bad feeling that we get when we are afraid or worried

fearlessness
physical
physical
形容词
ph
f
y
ɪ
s
z
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
(肉体的)

(肉体的)

身体的

related to the body rather than the mind

mental
mental
mental
形容词
m
m
e
ɛ
n
n
t
t
a
ə
l
l
(心理的)

(心理的)

精神的

happening or related to someone's mind, involving thoughts, feelings, and cognitive processes

strength
strength
名词
s
s
t
t
r
r
e
ɛ
n
n
g
k
th
θ
(强度)

(强度)

力量

the quality or state of being physically or mentally strong

weakness
to rely on
to rely on
动词
uk flag
/ɹɪlˈaɪ ˈɑːn/
(依赖)

(依赖)

信赖

to have faith in someone or something

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
inseparable
短语的动词
rely
短语的助词
on
to build
to build
动词
b
b
ui
ɪ
l
l
d
d
(修建)

(修建)

建造

to put together different materials such as brick to make a building, etc.

语法信息:

及物动词
shelter
名词
sh
ʃ
e
ɛ
l
l
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
(避难所)

(避难所)

庇护所

a place or building that is meant to provide protection against danger or bad weather

What is a "shelter"?

A shelter is a structure or place that provides protection and safety from the weather or other dangers. It can be temporary or permanent and is designed to keep people or animals safe from rain, wind, sun, or cold. Shelters can range from simple tents or huts to more complex buildings like houses or cabins. They can be found in many settings, including outdoor areas, cities, or emergency situations, offering a space for rest, warmth, and security. Shelters are essential for survival, especially in harsh or challenging environments.

to achieve
to achieve
动词
a
ə
ch
ʧ
ie
i
v
v
e
(达成)

(达成)

实现

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

语法信息:

及物动词
to cope
to cope
动词
c
k
o
p
p
e
(处理)

(处理)

应对

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

语法信息:

不及物
to push
to push
动词
p
p
u
ʊ
sh
ʃ
(强迫)

(强迫)

逼迫

to force someone to do something, particularly against their will

语法信息:

ditransitive
survival
名词
s
s
u
ɜ
r
r
v
v
i
v
v
a
ə
l
l
(存活)

(存活)

生存

the state in which a person manages to stay alive or strong despite dangers or difficulties

不可数
wilderness
wilderness
名词
w
w
i
ɪ
l
l
d
d
e
ɜ
r
r
n
n
e
ə
ss
s
( wilderness)

( wilderness)

荒野

an area of land that has remained largely undisturbed by humans and their modern development

brave
brave
形容词
b
b
r
r
a
v
v
e
(无畏的)

(无畏的)

勇敢的

Approving

having no fear when doing dangerous or painful things

cowardly
confident
confident
形容词
c
k
o
ɑ
n
n
f
f
i
ə
d
d
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(有信心的)

(有信心的)

自信的

having a strong belief in one's abilities or qualities

diffident
determined
determined
形容词
d
d
e
ɪ
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
i
ə
n
n
e
d
d
(决心的)

(决心的)

坚定的

having or displaying a strong will to achieve a goal despite the challenges or obstacles

fit
fit
形容词
f
f
i
ɪ
t
t
(强健的)

(强健的)

健康的

healthy and strong, especially due to regular physical exercise or balanced diet

unfit
funny
funny
形容词
f
f
u
ʌ
nn
n
y
i
(有趣的)

(有趣的)

搞笑的

able to make people laugh

generous
generous
形容词
g
ʤ
e
ɛ
n
n
e
ɜ
r
r
ou
ə
s
s
(大方的)

(大方的)

慷慨的

having a willingness to freely give or share something with others, without expecting anything in return

stingy
intelligent
intelligent
形容词
i
ɪ
n
n
t
t
e
ɛ
ll
l
i
ə
g
ʤ
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(智慧的)

(智慧的)

聪明的

good at learning things, understanding ideas, and thinking clearly

unintelligent
motivated
motivated
形容词
m
m
o
t
t
i
ə
v
v
a
t
t
e
ə
d
d
(积极向上的)

(积极向上的)

有动机的

having a strong desire or ambition to achieve a goal or accomplish a task

unmotivated
reliable
形容词
uk flag
/ɹiˈɫaɪəbəɫ/, /ɹɪˈɫaɪəbəɫ/
(可信赖的)

(可信赖的)

可靠的

able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

unreliable
talented
talented
形容词
t
t
a
æ
l
l
e
ə
n
n
t
t
e
ɪ
d
d
(有天赋的)

(有天赋的)

有才华的

possessing a natural skill or ability for something

untalented
blanket
blanket
名词
b
b
l
l
a
æ
n
n
k
k
e
ə
t
t
(毛毯)

(毛毯)

毯子

a large piece of fabric made of wool, cotton, or other materials that is used to keep warm or to provide comfort, used on beds, sofas, chairs, etc.

match
match
名词
m
m
a
æ
t
ch
ʧ
(柴火棒)

(柴火棒)

火柴

a small stick with a tip that catches fire when rubbed on a rough surface

语法信息:

candle
candle
名词
c
k
a
æ
n
n
d
d
ə
l
l
e
(烛光)

(烛光)

蜡烛

a block or stick of wax with a string inside that can be lit to produce light

chocolate
chocolate
名词
ch
ʧ
o
ɔ
c
k
o
l
l
a
ə
t
t
e
(朱古力)

(朱古力)

巧克力

a type of food that is brown and sweet and is made from ground cocoa seeds

What is "chocolate"?

Chocolate is a popular sweet treat made from cocoa beans, sugar, and other ingredients such as milk, nuts, and spices. It is available in a variety of forms, from bars and blocks to chips and powder. Chocolate is commonly used in baking and desserts, and can also be enjoyed on its own. It is rich in antioxidants and can have a positive effect on mood and energy levels. Chocolate is a beloved treat around the world and is enjoyed in many different forms.

first-aid kit
first-aid kit
名词
uk flag
/ˌfɝstˈeɪd ˌkɪt/
(急救箱)

(急救箱)

急救包

a set of tools and medical supplies, usually carried in a bag or case, used in case of emergency or injury

What is a "first-aid kit"?

A first-aid kit is a collection of essential medical supplies and equipment used to provide basic medical treatment in emergencies or minor injuries. It typically includes items like bandages, cleansing wipes, sticky tape, scissors, tweezers, and pain relievers. First-aid kits are important for quickly addressing injuries and preventing complications until professional medical help can be found. They are commonly kept in homes, cars, workplaces, and outdoor settings for immediate and easy access during accidents or medical emergencies.

语法信息:

复合名词
mirror
mirror
名词
m
m
i
ɪ
rr
r
o
ɜ
r
r
(明镜)

(明镜)

镜子

a flat surface made of glass that people can see themselves in

penknife
名词
p
p
e
ɛ
n
k
n
n
i
f
f
e
(小刀)

(小刀)

折叠刀

a small, foldable knife designed for general use, often carried in a pocket

语法信息:

复合名词
radio
radio
名词
r
r
a
d
d
io
ioʊ
(无线电)

(无线电)

收音机

a device that is used for listening to programs that are broadcast

What is a "radio"?

A radio is a piece of equipment designed to receive and play audio broadcasts transmitted over radio waves. It typically includes a tuner to select different radio stations, speakers to output sound, and controls for adjusting volume and frequency. Radios can be portable or stationary and may include features such as digital displays, alarms, and the ability to play music from external sources like CDs or digital devices. They allow listeners to access a variety of programs, including music, news, and talk shows.

语法信息:

scissors
scissors
名词
s
c
i
ss
o
r
r
s
z
(剪刀工具)

(剪刀工具)

剪刀

a tool used to cut paper, cloth, etc. with two handles and two sharp edges, joined in the middle

tent
tent
名词
t
t
e
ɛ
n
n
t
t
(营帐)

(营帐)

帐篷

a shelter that usually consists of a long sheet of cloth, nylon, etc. supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, that we especially use for camping

torch
torch
名词
t
t
o
ɔ
r
r
ch
ʧ
(手电筒)

(手电筒)

火把

a handheld portable light source that uses a flame to lighten a place

umbrella
umbrella
名词
u
ʌ
m
m
b
b
r
r
e
ɛ
ll
l
a
ə
(伞)

(伞)

雨伞

an object with a circular folding frame covered in cloth, used as protection against rain or sun

What is an "umbrella"?

An umbrella is a portable device designed to protect a person from rain or sunlight. It consists of a canopy made of waterproof material such as nylon or polyester, supported by a central shaft with ribs that extend to the edges of the canopy. Umbrellas can be collapsible or non-collapsible, with the former being the most common. Collapsible umbrellas can be further divided into three types: compact, folding, and automatic. A compact umbrella folds down to a very small size, making it easy to carry in a bag or purse. A folding umbrella has two or more sections that fold in on itself for compact storage. An automatic umbrella has a mechanism that allows it to be opened and closed with the push of a button. Umbrellas are often used as a fashion accessories and come in a wide range of colors, styles, and designs.

语法信息:

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