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第 8 单元 - 参考

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biotechnology
2-
censorship
3-
poverty
4-
democracy
5-
globalization
6-
global warming
7-
immigration
8-
identity theft
9-
exploration
10-
multiculturalism
11-
unemployment
12-
depletion
13-
ozone layer
14-
cloning
15-
freedom of speech
16-
corporation
17-
pollution
18-
to overrate
19-
to underrate
20-
disastrous
21-
deadly
22-
benefit
23-
indispensable
24-
invaluable
25-
to tear out
26-
in the fast lane
27-
wake-up call
28-
be-all and end-all
29-
around the clock
30-
to burn out
31-
golden opportunity
32-
itchy feet
33-
major
34-
far-reaching
35-
root
36-
to bring about
37-
to give rise to
38-
to result in
39-
to stem from
40-
in particular
41-
furthermore
42-
nevertheless
43-
in addition to
44-
on the other (hand)
45-
to imply
46-
to emphasize
47-
to infer
48-
to stress
49-
to generate
50-
to assess
51-
to formulate
52-
notably
53-
to sum up
54-
chronological
55-
alphabetical
biotechnology
名词
b
b
io
aɪoʊ
t
t
e
e
ch
k
n
n
o
ɑ:
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
y
i
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(生物工艺)

(生物工艺)

生物技术

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

censorship
名词
c
s
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
o
ɜ
r
r
sh
ʃ
i
ɪ
p
p
(封锁)

(封锁)

审查制度

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

What is "censorship"?

Censorship refers to the act of controlling or limiting what can be accessed, shared, or published, often for reasons of security, politics, or control. This type of censorship is commonly used during times of conflict or war, where information that could benefit an enemy or harm national interests is suppressed. Governments or organizations may restrict certain news reports, communications, or documents to prevent sensitive or damaging information from reaching the public or adversaries. While censorship aims to protect security, it can also limit the freedom of information and public knowledge.

poverty
poverty
名词
p
p
o
ɑ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
t
t
y
i
(贫穷)

(贫穷)

贫困

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

wealth
democracy
名词
d
d
e
ɪ
m
m
o
ɑ
c
k
r
r
a
ə
c
s
y
i
(民主制度)

(民主制度)

民主

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

globalization
名词
g
g
l
l
o
b
b
a
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
z
z
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(国际化)

(国际化)

全球化

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

global warming
名词
uk flag
/ɡlˈoʊbəl wˈɔːɹmɪŋ/
(全球暖化)

(全球暖化)

全球变暖

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

语法信息:

复合名词
immigration
immigration
名词
i
ɪ
mm
m
i
ɪ
g
g
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(移居)

(移居)

移民

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

identity theft
名词
uk flag
/aɪdˈɛntɪɾi θˈɛft/
(身份被盗)

(身份被盗)

身份盗用

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

语法信息:

复合名词
exploration
名词
e
ɛ
x
ks
p
p
l
l
o
ɜ
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(考察)

(考察)

探索

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

multiculturalism
名词
m
m
u
ə
l
l
t
t
i
i
c
k
u
ə
l
l
t
ʧ
u
ɜ
r
r
a
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
s
z
ə
m
m
(文化多样性)

(文化多样性)

多元文化主义

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

nationalism
unemployment
unemployment
名词
u
ʌ
n
n
e
ɪ
m
m
p
p
l
l
o
ɔ
y
ɪ
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(失业状态)

(失业状态)

失业

the state of being without a job

employment
depletion
名词
d
d
e
ɪ
p
p
l
l
e
i
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(减少)

(减少)

枯竭

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

ozone layer
名词
uk flag
/ˈoʊzoʊn lˈeɪɚ/
(臭氧层)

(臭氧层)

臭氧层

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

语法信息:

复合名词
cloning
名词
c
k
l
l
o
n
n
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(克隆技术)

(克隆技术)

克隆

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

freedom of speech
名词
uk flag
/fɹˈiːdəm ʌv spˈiːtʃ/
(言论的自由)

(言论的自由)

言论自由

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

corporation
corporation
名词
c
k
o
ɔ
r
r
p
p
o
ɜ
r
r
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(法人团体)

(法人团体)

公司

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

pollution
pollution
名词
p
p
o
ə
ll
l
u
u
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(污染物)

(污染物)

污染

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

to overrate
动词
uk flag
/ˌoʊvɝˈɹeɪt/
(过高估计)

(过高估计)

高估

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

underestimate
to underrate
动词
uk flag
/ˌəndɝˈɹeɪt/
(轻视)

(轻视)

低估

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

overestimate
disastrous
形容词
d
d
i
ɪ
s
z
a
æ
s
s
t
t
r
r
ou
ə
s
s
(极其有害的)

(极其有害的)

灾难性的

very harmful or bad

deadly
deadly
形容词
d
d
ea
ɛ
d
d
l
l
y
i
(可致死的)

(可致死的)

致命的

having the potential to cause death

benefit
名词
b
b
e
ɛ
n
n
e
ə
f
f
i
ɪ
t
t
(好处)

(好处)

益处

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

indispensable
indispensable
形容词
i
ɪ
n
n
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
p
p
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
N/A

N/A

essential and impossible to do without

dispensable
invaluable
形容词
i
ɪ
n
n
v
v
a
æ
l
l
u
j
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
(不可估量的)

(不可估量的)

无价的

holding such great value or importance that it cannot be measured or replaced

to tear out
to tear out
动词
uk flag
/tˈɪɹ ˈaʊt/
(拔除)

(拔除)

撕掉

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

语法信息:

短语状态
separable
短语的动词
tear
短语的助词
out
in the fast lane
短语
uk flag
/ɪnðə fˈæst lˈeɪn/
N/A

N/A

Idiom
Informal

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

What is the origin of the idiom "in the fast lane" and when to use it?

The origin of the idiom "in the fast lane" in the sense of describing a lifestyle full of excitement and adventure is not specifically documented. It is a figurative expression that likely developed over time, drawing from the idea of speed, high-energy living, and the thrill of adventure. It is often used to describe a lifestyle or situation that involves excitement, adventure, and sometimes danger.

wake-up call
名词
uk flag
/wˈeɪkˌʌp kˈɔːl/
(唤醒电话)

(唤醒电话)

叫醒电话

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

What is a "wake-up call"?

A wake-up call is a service provided by hotels or businesses to alert guests at a specified time, usually to ensure they wake up for a particular event or appointment. The service involves a staff member or automated system calling the guest’s room at the designated time, often in the morning. Wake-up calls are typically requested when checking into a hotel and can be set for a specific time. Some phone systems or mobile apps also offer similar features to help individuals wake up by setting alarms or reminders.

语法信息:

复合名词
be-all and end-all
短语
uk flag
/biːˈɔːl ænd ˈɛndˈɔːl/
N/A

N/A

the ultimate or most important thing

around the clock
around the clock
形容词
uk flag
/əˈraʊnd ðə ˈklɑk/
(不分昼夜)

(不分昼夜)

全天候

Idiom

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

What is the origin of the idiom "make a go of something" and when to use it?

The idiom "around the clock" originated from the concept of measuring time using a clock's circular face. It dates back to the late 19th century, when mechanical clocks became more prevalent and clock faces featured 12-hour or 24-hour markings. This expression is commonly employed in situations that require constant attention, monitoring, or availability.

to burn out
动词
uk flag
/bˈɜːn ˈaʊt/
(疲惫不堪)

(疲惫不堪)

精疲力竭

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
separable
短语的动词
burn
短语的助词
out
golden opportunity
名词
uk flag
/ɡˈoʊldən ɑːpɚtˈuːnɪɾi/
(黄金机会)

(黄金机会)

绝佳机会

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

语法信息:

复合名词
itchy feet
名词
uk flag
/ˈɪtʃi fˈiːt/
(旅游癖好)

(旅游癖好)

旅行欲望

Idiom
Informal

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

What is the origin of the idiom "itchy feet" and when to use it?

The idiom "itchy feet" is thought to have originated from the sensation of restlessness or a strong desire to travel or explore new places. The phrase implies a feeling of discomfort or an impulse to move and go on an adventure. It's often used to describe a person who cannot stay in one place for long and is eager to embark on a journey, whether for leisure or exploration.

语法信息:

复合名词
major
major
形容词
m
m
a
j
ʤ
o
ə
r
r
N/A

N/A

serious and of great importance

minor
far-reaching
形容词
uk flag
/fˈɑːɹɹˈiːtʃɪŋ/
(广泛的)

(广泛的)

深远的

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

root
名词
r
r
oo
u
t
t
(根源)

(根源)

根本原因

the primary cause of something

to bring about
to bring about
动词
uk flag
/bɹˈɪŋ ɐbˈaʊt/
(促成)

(促成)

导致

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
separable
短语的动词
bring
短语的助词
about
to give rise to
短语
uk flag
/ɡˈɪv ɹˈaɪz tuː/
N/A

N/A

Collocation

to create a particular situation or event

to result in
to result in
动词
uk flag
/ɹɪzˈʌlt ˈɪn/
(造成)

(造成)

导致

to cause something to occur

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
inseparable
短语的动词
result
短语的助词
in
to stem from
to stem from
动词
uk flag
/stˈɛm fɹʌm/
(起源于)

(起源于)

源自于

to originate from a particular source or factor

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
inseparable
短语的动词
stem
短语的助词
from
in particular
副词
uk flag
/ɪn pɚtˈɪkjʊlɚ/
(尤其是)

(尤其是)

特别是

Collocation

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

furthermore
副词
f
f
u
ɜ
r
r
th
ð
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
o
ɔ
r
r
e
(再者)

(再者)

此外

used to introduce additional information

语法信息:

连接副词
nevertheless
副词
n
n
e
ɛ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
th
ð
e
ə
l
l
e
ɛ
ss
s
(尽管如此)

(尽管如此)

然而

used to introduce an opposing statement

语法信息:

连接副词
in addition to
介词
uk flag
/ɪn ɐdˈɪʃən tuː/
(此外)

(此外)

除了

Collocation

used to add extra or supplementary information

on the other (hand)
副词
uk flag
/ɑːnðɪ ˈʌðɚ hˈænd ɔːɹ/
(反之)

(反之)

另一方面

Collocation

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

on the one hand
to imply
to imply
动词
i
ɪ
m
m
p
p
l
l
y
(意味着)

(意味着)

暗示

to suggest without explicitly stating

语法信息:

及物动词
to emphasize
动词
e
ɛ
m
m
ph
f
a
ə
s
s
i
z
z
e
(着重)

(着重)

强调

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

语法信息:

及物动词
to infer
to infer
动词
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
e
ɜ
r
r
(推论)

(推论)

推断

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

语法信息:

及物动词
to stress
to stress
动词
s
s
t
t
r
r
e
ɛ
ss
s
(着重)

(着重)

强调

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

语法信息:

及物动词
to generate
to generate
动词
g
ʤ
e
ɛ
n
n
e
ɜ
r
r
a
t
t
e
(产生)

(产生)

生成

to cause or give rise to something

语法信息:

及物动词
to assess
to assess
动词
a
ə
ss
s
e
ɛ
ss
s
(考核)

(考核)

评估

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

语法信息:

及物动词
to formulate
to formulate
动词
f
f
o
ɔ
r
r
m
m
u
j
ə
l
l
a
t
t
e
(构思)

(构思)

制定

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

语法信息:

及物动词
notably
副词
n
n
o
t
t
a
ə
b
b
l
l
y
i
(尤其地)

(尤其地)

特别地

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

语法信息:

疑问副词
to sum up
to sum up
动词
uk flag
/sˈʌm ˈʌp/
(概括)

(概括)

总结

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

语法信息:

及物动词
短语状态
separable
短语的动词
sum
短语的助词
up
chronological
chronological
形容词
ch
k
r
r
o
ɑ
n
n
o
ə
l
l
o
ɑ
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
(时间上排列的)

(时间上排列的)

按时间顺序的

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

alphabetical
形容词
a
æ
l
l
ph
f
a
ə
b
b
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
(字母顺序的)

(字母顺序的)

按字母顺序的

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

analphabetic

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