A cell is the basic structural and functional unit that forms the foundation of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out essential processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli. Cells have specialized structures and organelles that enable them to perform specific functions, such as the nucleus containing genetic material, mitochondria producing energy, and the cell membrane regulating the exchange of substances. Together, cells make up various tissues, organs, and systems, working harmoniously to maintain the body's structure, function, and overall health.

What is a "cell"?

cell

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organism

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is made of two long, twisted strands that form a spiral shape, and it carries the hereditary information used to build and maintain an organism. Each segment of DNA, called a gene, provides instructions for making specific proteins that influence traits and manage various bodily functions. DNA is found in the cells of all living things and is passed from parents to children, directing growth and development.

What is "deoxyribonucleic acid"?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the body's growth, development, and overall functioning. Genes influence traits such as eye color, blood type, and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. They are passed from parents to children and can affect how the body responds to environmental factors and treatments.

What is a "gene"?

gene

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protein

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evolution

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virus

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bacteria

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fungus

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An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a specialized protein produced by white blood cells called B cells. It is a critical component of the immune system and plays a vital role in defending the body against invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific molecules on the surface of these pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects. They contribute to the body's ability to mount an immune response, provide immunity against future infections, and help maintain overall health and well-being.

What is an "antibody"?

antibody

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A hormone is a chemical substance produced by glands and released into the bloodstream to regulate and control various physiological processes. Hormones act as messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they exert specific effects. They play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood regulation. Hormones are involved in numerous bodily functions, including regulating metabolism, controlling blood sugar levels, influencing sexual development and function, and modulating stress responses. Imbalances in hormone levels can lead to various health conditions and disorders. Overall, hormones are essential for coordinating and regulating the complex interconnected systems within the human body.

What is a "hormone"?

hormone

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nucleus

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A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is a specialized cell that is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body, allowing us to think, feel, and move. They have a unique structure that includes dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the cell body processes this information. The axon, which can be very long, carries electrical impulses away from the cell body and towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Communication between neurons occurs through synapses, small gaps between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

What is a "neuron"?

neuron

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Here, you will learn some English words related to Biology that are necessary for the Basic Academic IELTS exam.

「生物学」基础学术雅思词汇