(胞)
细胞
an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit that forms the foundation of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out essential processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli. Cells have specialized structures and organelles that enable them to perform specific functions, such as the nucleus containing genetic material, mitochondria producing energy, and the cell membrane regulating the exchange of substances. Together, cells make up various tissues, organs, and systems, working harmoniously to maintain the body's structure, function, and overall health.
(有机体)
生物体
a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
(脱氧核糖核酸)
DNA
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is made of two long, twisted strands that form a spiral shape, and it carries the hereditary information used to build and maintain an organism. Each segment of DNA, called a gene, provides instructions for making specific proteins that influence traits and manage various bodily functions. DNA is found in the cells of all living things and is passed from parents to children, directing growth and development.
(遗传因子)
基因
(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the body's growth, development, and overall functioning. Genes influence traits such as eye color, blood type, and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. They are passed from parents to children and can affect how the body responds to environmental factors and treatments.
(演化)
进化
(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth
(病菌)
病毒
a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants
(菌)
细菌
(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
(霉菌)
真菌
a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms
(抗血清)
抗体
a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body
An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a specialized protein produced by white blood cells called B cells. It is a critical component of the immune system and plays a vital role in defending the body against invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific molecules on the surface of these pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects. They contribute to the body's ability to mount an immune response, provide immunity against future infections, and help maintain overall health and well-being.
(核)
细胞核
(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information
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