(酶类)
酶
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
Enzymes are special proteins that speed up biological reactions in the body. They help reactions occur more quickly by reducing the amount of energy needed to start them. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning each enzyme typically activates only one type of reaction or a few closely related reactions. They play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including digestion, metabolism, and cellular processes. For example, digestive enzymes aid in breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body, while metabolic enzymes assist in chemical reactions involved in energy production and the creation of essential molecules. Without enzymes, many vital biochemical reactions would happen too slowly to sustain life processes.
(薄膜)
膜
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
A membrane refers to a thin, flexible layer of tissue that covers, lines, or separates various structures and organs. These membranes serve diverse functions, such as protecting organs, providing structural support, facilitating movement and flexibility, and allowing for the exchange of substances. Examples of membranes in the human body include the mucous membranes that line the respiratory and digestive tracts, the serous membranes that encase organs in protective fluid-filled cavities, and the cell membranes that surround individual cells, regulating the passage of molecules. Membranes are essential for the proper functioning and integration of different body systems.
(细胞组织)
组织
a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts
Tissue refers to a group or collection of specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function. Tissues can be categorized into four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissue forms protective barriers and linings, connective tissue provides support and structure, muscle tissue enables movement and contraction, and nervous tissue facilitates communication and electrical signaling. Tissues are the building blocks of organs and systems, playing a vital role in maintaining the body's structure, function, and overall homeostasis.
(神经接点)
突触
a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
(遗传型)
基因型
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
(减数分裂过程)
减数分裂
a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
(细胞分裂)
有丝分裂
a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
(内分泌)
内分泌系统
the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis
(腺体)
外分泌腺
a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream
(肾上腺皮质激素)
皮质醇
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
(激励)
刺激
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
(囊泡)
小泡
a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances
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