An antibiotic is a type of medication used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or stopping their growth. Antibiotics work by targeting specific bacterial processes or structures essential for their survival, which are different from bacterial processes or structures found in human cells. They are prescribed to fight various bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, respiratory infections like pneumonia, and infections of the ear, throat, or sinuses.

What is an "antibiotic"?

antibiotic

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Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease or condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, and test results. It involves examining signs and symptoms and using various tests, such as blood tests, imaging scans, or physical examinations, to understand what is causing the problem. A correct diagnosis helps doctors decide on the best treatment plan and manage the patient’s health effectively.

What is "diagnosis"?

diagnosis

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A prognosis is a professional prediction about how a disease or medical condition is likely to progress and what the outcome might be. It is based on a patient’s current health, medical history, and test results. A prognosis helps guess how well a patient might recover, the potential for complications, and the overall future of their health.

What is a "prognosis"?

prognosis

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A bandage is a piece of material, often cloth or gauze, used to wrap around a wound or injured part of the body. Its main purpose is to protect the wound from dirt, bacteria, and more injuries, while also applying gentle pressure to control bleeding and encourage healing. Bandages come in various sizes and types, including stretchy bandages for supporting sprains. Proper application of a bandage is important to make sure it stays in place and provides effective wound care.

What is a "bandage"?

bandage

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Pharmacology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of drugs and their effects on the body. Pharmacologists, experts in this field, investigate how drugs interact with biological systems, including how they are absorbed, distributed, broken down, and removed from the body. They study how drugs work, their therapeutic uses, and potential side effects. Pharmacology plays a crucial role in the development of new medications, understanding drug interactions, and making sure of the safe and effective use of drugs in healthcare.

What is "pharmacology"?

pharmacology

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Serum is the clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. It contains water, electrolytes, antibodies, and various proteins essential for bodily functions, such as albumin and globulin. This fluid is important for transporting nutrients and hormones throughout the body and has a crucial role in immune response, helping to defend against infections and other foreign substances. In clinical settings, serum can be analyzed to evaluate levels of various substances such as electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. This information helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney function, hormone imbalances, and autoimmune diseases. Researchers also use serum in studies to understand how diseases work, develop new tests for diagnosing illnesses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.

What is "serum"?

serum

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Dosage refers to the amount of medication or treatment prescribed to be taken at one time or over a period of time. It specifies how much of a drug should be taken, how often it should be taken, and for how long. Proper dosage is important to ensure the medication is effective while minimizing the risk of side effects or overdose.

What is "dosage"?

dosage

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Toxicology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of poisons, toxins, and their effects on living organisms. Toxicologists, experts in this field, investigate how various substances, including chemicals, drugs, and environmental pollutants, can harm the body. They evaluate how toxic these substances are, study how they work in the body, and develop strategies to prevent and treat poisonings. Toxicology plays a crucial role in public health, environmental protection, and occupational safety by providing valuable information on the risks associated with exposure to harmful substances.

What is "toxicology"?

toxicology

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An X-ray is an image created using a type of radiation that passes through the body to produce pictures of the internal structures. During the X-ray procedure, a small amount of radiation is directed at the area being examined, and a device on the other side captures the radiation that passes through, creating a detailed image. X-rays are commonly used to examine bones, detect fractures, and identify issues in organs or tissues. The images help doctors diagnose conditions, monitor progress, and plan treatments.

What is an "X-ray"?

X-ray

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toxicity

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A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. Unlike X-rays, MRI does not use harmful rays or radiation. During the test, the patient lies on a table that slides into a large, tube-shaped machine. The machine creates images of organs, tissues, and structures, allowing doctors to see and evaluate areas such as the brain, spine, and joints. An MRI is often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like injuries, tumors, or diseases of the organs and soft tissues.

What is a "magnetic resonance imaging"?

magnetic resonance imaging

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A computed tomography scan, or CT scan, is a medical imaging test that uses X-rays to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. It takes multiple X-ray images from different angles and combines them to produce a clear view of organs, bones, and tissues. CT scans are often used to diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as injuries, tumors, or infections. The test is quick and typically involves lying still on a table while the scanner moves around you.

What is a "computed tomography scan"?

CT scan

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Posology is the branch of pharmacology, the study of drugs and their effects on the body. Posology deals with the dosages of medicines and how they should be given. Posologists, experts in this field, study how different factors such as age, weight, and medical conditions affect the dosage of medications needed to achieve the desired effect while minimizing the risk of side effects. They provide guidance on the proper dosage, frequency, and how drugs should be taken, making sure that they are safe and effective for patients to use. Posology plays a crucial role in finding the best medication plans and promoting patient safety in healthcare settings.

What is "posology"?

posology

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Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the healthcare of elderly individuals. Geriatricians, medical professionals in this field, specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing health conditions that commonly affect older adults. They deal with a wide range of issues such as chronic diseases, mental issues, mobility problems, and medication management in older patients. Geriatrics emphasizes the importance of considering the unique physical, emotional, and social needs of older adults. Geriatricians work to improve the quality of life and promote healthy aging for elderly individuals.

What is "geriatrics"?

geriatrics

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Syphilology is the study of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilologists, also known as specialists in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), focus on understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis. They conduct research, develop strategies for disease control, and provide education and support to individuals affected by syphilis. Syphilology plays a crucial role in public health by addressing the challenges presented by this complex and historically significant disease.

What is "syphilology"?

syphilology

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Barbiturates are a type of medication that slows down the central nervous system. They are mainly used to help people sleep, calm anxiety, and sometimes prevent seizures. Barbiturates work by increasing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect on the nervous system. These medications are prescribed by healthcare providers for short-term management of conditions such as insomnia, anxiety disorders, and certain types of epilepsy. However, because of their potential for overdose and addiction, barbiturates are now less commonly prescribed and have been replaced by safer options like benzodiazepines.

What is a "barbiturate"?

barbiturate

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A beta blocker is a type of medication that helps treat various conditions by reducing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing the workload on the heart. These medications are commonly prescribed for conditions such as high blood pressure, chest pain, heart failure, and certain heart rhythm disorders. Beta blockers are also used to prevent migraines and manage symptoms of anxiety.

What is a "beta blocker"?

beta blocker

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A placebo is a substance or treatment that resembles a real medical treatment but does not contain any active ingredients. It is often used in medical research and clinical trials to compare against the effects of actual medications or treatments. Placebos are designed to have no therapeutic effect on the patient, allowing researchers to evaluate the true effectiveness of the active treatment being studied. They are typically used in a way that ensures the patient is unaware of whether they are receiving the placebo or the actual treatment, to make sure that the study results are fair and not influenced by expectations or assumptions.

What is a "placebo"?

placebo

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Acupuncture is a traditional medical practice originating from China that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. It is believed to activate nerves, muscles, and connective tissue, which can enhance natural painkillers and blood flow. Acupuncture is used to ease pain, promote healing, and improve overall well-being. Based on the concept of balancing energy flow through pathways called meridians in the body, it is commonly used to treat conditions such as chronic pain, headaches, and stress. The needles used in acupuncture are very thin and cause minimal discomfort when inserted.

What is "acupuncture"?

acupuncture

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Here, you will learn some English words related to Medicine that are necessary for the Academic IELTS exam.

学术雅思“医学”词汇