(蛋白质合成体)
核糖体
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
(高尔基 apparatus)
高尔基体
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
语法信息:
(溶酶囊)
溶酶体
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
(线粒体器)
线粒体
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(光合胞)
叶绿体
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
(胞质)
细胞质
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
(去核细胞)
胞质体
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
(细胞支架)
细胞骨架
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
(核酸单位)
核苷酸
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
(全基因组)
基因组
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
(聚肽)
多肽
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
(膜结合结构)
细胞器
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
(中央液泡)
液泡
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
(中心小管)
中心粒
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
(染色体末端重复序列)
端粒
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
(核小体蛋白)
组蛋白
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
(表现型)
表型
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
(稳态)
体内平衡
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
(转录)
翻译
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
(转录过程)
转录
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
(遗传物质复制)
复制
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
(异质合子)
杂合子
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
(同型合子)
纯合子
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
(三联体)
密码子
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
(共生)
共生关系
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
(阿米巴)
变形虫
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
语法信息:
(壳蛋白)
病毒衣壳
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
(氯ophyll素)
叶绿素
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
(真核生物体)
真核生物
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
(胚胎)
胎儿
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
(卵)
卵子
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
(肽酶)
胃蛋白酶
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.
(ATP)
腺苷三磷酸
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
语法信息:
(原核细胞)
原核生物
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
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