Geology

fissure

名词

/fɪ.ʃɜr/ or /fi.shēr/

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(沟槽)

裂缝

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

subduction

名词

/sʌb.dʌk.ʃən/ or /sab.dak.shēn/

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ʌ

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(下沉)

俯冲

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

isostasy

名词

/aɪ.səs.tə.si/ or /ai.sēs.tē.si/

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(压平衡)

等静压

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

lithosphere

名词

/lɪ.θəs.fɪr/ or /li.thēs.fir/

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( lithosphere )

岩石圈

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

asthenosphere

名词

/as.θɛ.nəs.fɪr/ or /as.the.nēs.fir/

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(軟流層)

软流圈

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

karst

名词

/kɑrst/ or /kaarst/

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ɑ

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(喀斯特地貌)

喀斯特

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

orogeny

名词

/o:.rɑ:.ʤə.ni/ or /o.raa.jē.ni/

o

o:

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ɑ:

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(山脉形成)

造山作用

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

geode

名词

/ʤi:oʊd/ or /jioood/

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ʤ

eo

i:oʊ

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(放射状晶体岩)

晶洞

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

kimberlite

名词

/kɪm.bər.laɪt/ or /kim.bēr.lait/

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(金伯利石)

金伯利岩

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

glaciation

名词

/gleɪ.ʃieɪ.ʃən/ or /glei.shiei.shēn/

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g

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eɪ

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(冰川期)

冰川作用

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

moraine

名词

/mɜ.reɪn/ or /mē.rein/

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ɜ

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(冰川堆积物)

冰碛

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

drumlin

名词

/drʌm.lɪn/ or /dram.lin/

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(冰碛丘)

鼓丘

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

seismology

名词

/saɪz.mɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /saiz.maa.lē.ji/

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ei

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(地震科学)

地震学

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

caldera

名词

/kæl.dɛ.rə/ or /kāl.de.rē/

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(塌陷口)

火山口

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

diagenesis

名词

/daɪə.ʤɛ.nɪ.sɪs/ or /daiē.je.ni.sis/

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(沉积物成岩)

成岩作用

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock