Philosophy

nihilism

名词

/naɪə.ləɪzm/ or /naiē.lēizm/

n

n

i

aɪə

h

i

l

l

ə

i

ɪ

s

z

m

m

(无神主义)

虚无主义

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

utilitarianism

名词

/ju:.tɪ.lɪ.tɛ.riə.nɪ.zəm/ or /yoo.ti.li.te.riē.ni.zēm/

u

ju:

t

t

i

ɪ

l

l

i

ɪ

t

t

a

ɛ

r

r

ia

iə

n

n

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(实用主义)

功利主义

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

stoicism

名词

/stoʊə.sɪ.zəm/ or /stoooē.si.zēm/

s

s

t

t

oi

oʊə

c

s

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(斯多噶主义)

斯多噶学派

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

solipsism

名词

/sɑ:.lɪp.sɪ.zəm/ or /saa.lip.si.zēm/

s

s

o

ɑ:

l

l

i

ɪ

p

p

s

s

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(自我中心主义)

唯我主义

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

ontology

名词

/ɑn.tɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /aan.taa.lē.ji/

o

ɑ

n

n

t

t

o

ɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

y

i

(存在论)

本体论

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

monism

名词

/mɑ.nɪ.zəm/ or /maa.ni.zēm/

m

m

o

ɑ

n

n

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(唯一论)

一元论

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

objectivism

名词

/ɑ:b.ʤɛk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm/ or /aab.jek.ti.vi.zēm/

o

ɑ:

b

b

j

ʤ

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

i

ɪ

v

v

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(现实主义)

客观主义

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

subjectivism

名词

/sʌb.ʤɪk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm/ or /sab.jik.ti.vi.zēm/

s

s

u

ʌ

b

b

j

ʤ

e

ɪ

c

k

t

t

i

ɪ

v

v

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ə

m

m

(主观论)

主观主义

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

absurdism

名词

/æb.sɜr.dɪ.zəm/ or /āb.sēr.di.zēm/

a

æ

b

b

s

s

u

ɜ

r

r

d

d

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ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(荒谬主义)

荒诞主义

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

teleology

名词

/ti.liɔ.lə.ʤi/ or /ti.liaw.lē.ji/

t

t

e

i

l

l

eo

iɔ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

y

i

(目标论)

目的论

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

cogito

名词

/kɑ:.ʤi:.toʊ/ or /kaa.ji.tooo/

c

k

o

ɑ:

g

ʤ

i

i:

t

t

o

oʊ

(思维存在)

思考者

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

monad

名词

/moʊ.næd/ or /mooo.nād/

m

m

o

oʊ

n

n

a

æ

d

d

(单元)

单子

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

pragmatism

名词

/præg.mə.tɪ.zəm/ or /prāg.mē.ti.zēm/

p

p

r

r

a

æ

g

g

m

m

a

ə

t

t

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

m

(务实主义)

实用主义

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

noumenon

名词

/naʊ.mə.nən/ or /naoo.mē.nēn/

n

n

o

a

u

ʊ

m

m

e

ə

n

n

o

ə

n

n

(物自体)

本体

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

fatalism

名词

/feɪ.tə.lɪ.zəm/ or /fei.tē.li.zēm/

f

f

a

eɪ

t

t

a

ə

l

l

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ɪ

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z

ə

m

m

(宿命主义)

宿命论

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

tenet

名词

/tɛ.nət/ or /te.nēt/

t

t

e

ɛ

n

n

e

ə

t

t

(原则)

信条

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion