Law

punitive damages

名词

/pjˈuːnɪtˌɪv dˈæmɪdʒᵻz/

(惩罚性损害赔偿)

惩罚性赔偿

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

to co-sign

动词

/kˈoʊsˈaɪn/

(联署)

共同签字

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

intestacy

名词

/ɪn.tɛs.tə.si/ or /in.tes.tē.si/

i

ɪ

n

n

t

t

e

ɛ

s

s

t

t

a

ə

c

s

y

i

(缺乏遗嘱状态)

无遗嘱继承

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

bar

名词

/bɑr/ or /baar/

b

b

a

ɑ

r

r

(法庭栏杆)

法庭隔离栏

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

litigator

名词

/lɪ.tə.geɪ.tɜr/ or /li.tē.gei.tēr/

l

l

i

ɪ

t

t

i

ə

g

g

a

eɪ

t

t

o

ɜ

r

r

(法律诉讼代理人)

诉讼律师

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

probable cause

名词

/pɹˈɑːbəbəl kˈɔːz/

(可能原因)

合理怀疑

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

injunction

名词

/ɪn.ʤənk.ʃən/ or /in.jēnk.shēn/

i

ɪ

n

n

j

ʤ

u

ə

n

n

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(指令)

禁令

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

affidavit

名词

/æ.fə.deɪ.vət/ or /ā.fē.dei.vēt/

a

æ

ff

f

i

ə

d

d

a

eɪ

v

v

i

ə

t

t

( affidavit )

宣誓书

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

deposition

名词

/dɛ.pə.zɪ.ʃən/ or /de.pē.zi.shēn/

d

d

e

ɛ

p

p

o

ə

s

z

i

ɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(口供)

证词

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

notary

名词

/noʊ.tɜ.ri/ or /nooo.tē.ri/

n

n

o

oʊ

t

t

a

ɜ

r

r

y

i

(公证员)

公证人

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

adjournment

名词

/ə.ʤɜrn.mənt/ or /ē.jērn.mēnt/

a

ə

d

j

ʤ

ou

ɜ

r

r

n

n

m

m

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(暂停)

休庭

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

docket

名词

/dɑ.kət/ or /daa.kēt/

d

d

o

ɑ

ck

k

e

ə

t

t

(案件清单)

案卷

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

acquittal

名词

/ək.wɪ.təl/ or /ēk.vi.tēl/

a

ə

c

k

q

u

w

i

ɪ

tt

t

a

ə

l

l

(判决无罪)

无罪释放

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

infraction

名词

/ɪn.fræk.ʃən/ or /in.frāk.shēn/

i

ɪ

n

n

f

f

r

r

a

æ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(违法行为)

违规

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

indictment

名词

/ɪn.daɪt.mənt/ or /in.dait.mēnt/

i

ɪ

n

n

d

d

i

aɪ

c

t

t

m

m

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(指控)

起诉书

a formal accusation of a crime

parole

名词

/pɜ.roʊl/ or /pē.roool/

p

p

a

ɜ

r

r

o

oʊ

l

l

e

(假释)

保释

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

to infringe

动词

/ɪnf.rɪnʤ/ or /inf.rinj/

i

ɪ

n

n

f

f

r

r

i

ɪ

n

n

g

ʤ

e

(违犯)

侵犯

to violate someone's rights or property

to annul

动词

/æ.nəl/ or /ā.nēl/

a

æ

nn

n

u

ə

l

l

(废除)

取消

to invalidate a legal agreement

subpoena

名词

/sə.pi.nə/ or /sē.pi.nē/

s

s

u

ə

b

p

p

oe

i

n

n

a

ə

(传唤函)

传票

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

to exempt

动词

/ɪ.gzɛmpt/ or /i.gzempt/

e

ɪ

x

gz

e

ɛ

m

m

p

p

t

t

(豁免)

免除

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

to remand

动词

/rɪ.mænd/ or /ri.mānd/

r

r

e

ɪ

m

m

a

æ

n

n

d

d

(下令重审)

发回重审

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

case law

名词

/kˈeɪs lˈɔː/

(判例法)

案例法

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

to rescind

动词

/ris.ɪnd/ or /ris.ind/

r

r

e

i

s

s

c

i

ɪ

n

n

d

d

(废除)

撤销

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

remit

名词

/ri.mɪt/ or /ri.mit/

r

r

e

i

m

m

i

ɪ

t

t

(转交)

回送

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

ordinance

名词

/ɔr.də.nəns/ or /awr.dē.nēns/

o

ɔ

r

r

d

d

i

ə

n

n

a

ə

n

n

c

s

e

(条例)

法令

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority