(无序度)
熵
a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S
(溶解物)
溶质
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
(反应剂)
反应物
a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products
(促进剂)
催化剂
(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself
(催化反应)
催化作用
the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
语法信息:
(共价结合)
共价键
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
语法信息:
(同分异构体)
异构体
any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties
(高分子)
聚合物
a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
(聚合物单元)
单体
a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer
(烃)
碳氢化合物
a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes
(酯类化合物)
酯
a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water
(醛类化合物)
醛
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes
(酒精)
醇
a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis
(酮类化合物)
酮
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings
(还原氧化反应)
氧化还原
a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances
(浓度（摩尔）)
摩尔浓度
the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)
(电解液)
电解质
a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current
(胶状物)
胶体
a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles
(侵蚀)
腐蚀
the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
(碱性物质)
碱
any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water
(氨气)
氨
a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution
(合金材料)
合金
a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant
(卤族元素)
卤素
a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights
(同素异形体)
同位素
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
(贵气体)
惰性气体
any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations
语法信息:
(乳剂)
乳化液
a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water
(半生期)
半衰期
the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions
(耗尽铀)
贫铀
a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding
语法信息:
(溶液)
溶剂
a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance
(带电荷的)
带电的
having an electric charge
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