钢笔和铅笔

A monoline pen is a type of pen that produces lines of uniform thickness, regardless of the pressure applied while writing or drawing. The ink flows evenly through the pen, and the width of the line remains consistent throughout. Monoline pens are commonly used for precise, controlled writing, technical drawings, and calligraphy, where a clean, even line is desired. These pens are available in various styles, including felt-tip or rollerball, and are favored by artists, designers, and anyone requiring clear and consistent line work.

An erasable pen is a type of pen that allows the ink to be erased after it has been written, similar to a pencil. These pens use special ink that can be removed by rubbing it with a built-in eraser, which works by using heat or friction to make the ink disappear. Erasable pens provide the convenience of correcting mistakes without the need for correction fluid or tape. They are commonly used in situations where writing needs to be neat and editable, such as for notes, assignments, or planning. While the ink can be erased, it is generally not as durable as regular ink.

A retractable pen is a pen that has a mechanism allowing the writing tip to be extended and retracted as needed. It typically features a button or click mechanism on the top or side of the pen. Pressing the button extends the pen's tip for writing, while pressing it again retracts the tip, protecting it from damage and preventing ink from leaking when not in use. Retractable pens are convenient and practical, as they eliminate the need for a cap. They are widely used for everyday writing, offering a smooth and reliable writing experience.

A refillable pen is a type of pen designed to have its ink cartridge replaced when it runs out, rather than being thrown away. These pens typically have a removable or replaceable ink refill that can be replaced with a new one when the ink is used up. Refillable pens are often more durable and environmentally friendly compared to disposable pens, as they can be used for a longer period by simply swapping out the ink cartridge. They are commonly found in fountain pens, rollerball pens, and some ballpoint pens, making them a popular choice for people who want a long-lasting, sustainable writing instrument.

A flex nib is a type of pen nib designed to bend or flex slightly under pressure, allowing for variations in line thickness while writing. When pressure is applied during writing, the nib spreads apart, creating a thicker line, and when the pressure is light, the nib returns to its original shape, creating a finer line. Flex nibs are often found in fountain pens and are popular among calligraphers and artists for their ability to create expressive, dynamic lines. They offer greater control over the line width compared to regular nibs, making them ideal for decorative writing and detailed artwork.

A space pen is a type of pen designed to write in challenging environments, such as in zero gravity, extreme temperatures, or on surfaces like wet or oily paper. The pen uses a special ink cartridge that is pressurized, allowing it to write smoothly in conditions where traditional pens would fail. Originally developed for use by astronauts in space, the space pen can write upside down, underwater, or in very cold or hot conditions. These pens are durable, reliable, and often used by people working in difficult conditions, as well as by outdoor enthusiasts and travelers.

A digital pen is a device that allows users to write or draw on a digital surface, such as a tablet or touchscreen, in a way that mimics writing with a traditional pen. Digital pens often use pressure-sensitive technology to detect the force applied, enabling variations in line thickness or shading. Some digital pens also include buttons for additional functions, such as erasing or accessing tools in drawing software. These pens are commonly used by graphic designers, artists, and anyone who needs precise control when writing or sketching on digital devices.

A dip pen is a type of pen that requires users to dip the nib into ink before writing. Unlike fountain pens or ballpoint pens, which have a built-in ink reservoir, a dip pen relies on the user to re-dip the nib into an ink bottle as needed. Dip pens are often used for calligraphy, detailed drawing, and artistic writing, offering precise control over ink flow and line thickness. The flexibility of the nib and the variety of available ink colors make dip pens popular among artists and calligraphers for their expressive, unique lines.

A dip pen nib is the pointed writing tip of a dip pen, typically made of metal, that is designed to hold and release ink onto paper. The nib is dipped into an ink bottle to refill it before writing. Nibs come in various shapes and sizes, allowing for different line qualities, such as fine, broad, or flexible lines. The design of the nib affects the flow of ink and the type of marks it creates. Dip pen nibs are popular for calligraphy, artistic drawing, and detailed writing, offering precision and versatility in various artistic and writing styles.

A ruling pen is a tool used for drawing straight lines or creating fine, precise lines with ink or other liquids. It consists of a metal nib that can be adjusted to control the width of the line by changing the gap between the two nibs. Ruling pens are often used by illustrators, architects, and graphic designers for tasks that require consistent, straight lines or detailed work. The tool can be used with ink, watercolor, or other media, making it ideal for technical drawing, architectural plans, and decorative art.

A reed pen is a writing instrument made from a reed, typically a hollow plant stem, that has been sharpened to form a nib. It was traditionally used in ancient cultures for writing on materials like papyrus, parchment, or clay tablets. Reed pens are flexible and can create varying line thicknesses, depending on how much pressure is applied while writing. The nib can be split to allow ink to flow smoothly, making it useful for calligraphy and detailed writing. While reed pens are no longer as commonly used, they are still appreciated by calligraphers and artists for their unique, expressive qualities.

A fine liner is a type of pen that is designed to produce thin, precise lines. It typically features a very fine, needle-like tip that allows for detailed work and clear, sharp writing or drawing. Fine liners are commonly used for tasks that require accuracy, such as technical drawing, detailed illustrations, and precise writing. They are often favored by artists, architects, and people who need to create intricate designs or write small text. The ink used in fine liners is usually water-resistant and quick-drying, making them ideal for use in art and drafting.

A qalam is a traditional pen, commonly used in Islamic calligraphy, that is made from a reed or bamboo. The pen has a pointed tip that is cut at an angle to create different stroke widths, allowing for elegant, flowing writing. Qalams are particularly associated with Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish calligraphy, where they are used to write with ink on paper, parchment, or other materials. The design of the qalam allows for great control and variation in the thickness of the lines, making it a preferred tool for calligraphers seeking precision and beauty in their work.

A quill is a writing instrument made from the feather of a bird, typically a goose, turkey, or swan. The feather's shaft is shaped into a pen, with the tip sharpened and split to hold ink. Quills were commonly used from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, especially for writing with ink on parchment or paper. The flexibility of the quill allowed writers to create varying line thicknesses depending on the pressure applied. Quills are often associated with historical documents, letters, and literature, and although less commonly used today, they remain a symbol of traditional writing and calligraphy.

A slate pencil is a type of writing tool traditionally used for writing on slate boards, which were common in schools before the widespread use of paper. The pencil has a soft, grayish lead, which is suitable for easily writing on smooth, dark surfaces like slate. The writing can be erased by wiping the slate with a damp cloth, making it reusable. Slate pencils are similar in appearance to regular pencils but are typically designed to create marks that can be wiped off easily. They were commonly used in early education settings and are now mainly of historical interest.

A graphite pencil is a type of writing and drawing tool that uses a core made of graphite, a soft, shiny black material, encased in wood or a similar material. The graphite core leaves a mark on paper when pressure is applied, and the darkness of the mark depends on the softness or hardness of the graphite. Graphite pencils come in a range of grades, from hard (H) to soft (B), with harder pencils producing lighter marks and softer pencils creating darker, richer marks. These pencils are commonly used for writing, sketching, and shading in art and technical drawing.

A charcoal pencil is a drawing tool that uses compressed charcoal instead of graphite for its core. This type of pencil produces rich, dark, and bold lines, making it ideal for creating dramatic shading and detailed sketches. Charcoal pencils come in various hardness levels, with softer versions providing deeper, darker marks, and harder ones offering finer, lighter lines. They are commonly used by artists for drawing, sketching, and creating expressive artworks, particularly for their ability to create smooth gradations of tone and texture. The marks made by charcoal pencils are easily smudged, allowing for blending and softening effects in artwork.

A carbon pencil is a type of drawing pencil that contains carbon as its primary component, often mixed with clay or other materials. Carbon pencils are known for their ability to create rich, dark lines and shades, making them popular for sketching, shading, and artistic work. They produce a more intense black mark compared to graphite pencils, and the texture of the marks can be softer or smoother depending on the pencil’s hardness. Carbon pencils are often used by artists to achieve deep contrasts and bold effects in their drawings and are especially favored in charcoal-like techniques.

A watercolor pencil is a type of colored pencil that can be used both dry and wet, making it versatile for different artistic techniques. When used dry, it functions like a regular colored pencil, creating vibrant lines and shading. However, when water is added, either with a brush or directly to the pencil mark, the color dissolves and blends, producing a watercolor effect. Watercolor pencils are commonly used by artists for creating soft, blended colors and detailed washes, offering control over both precise lines and fluid blending. They are popular for drawing, sketching, and watercolor painting.

A grease pencil is a writing tool that uses a wax-based, oily substance to make marks on surfaces like glass, metal, plastic, or ceramic. The pencil's tip can be sharpened to create fine lines, and the marks are typically smudge-resistant, making grease pencils ideal for marking surfaces in industrial, technical, or artistic settings. The markings can often be wiped away with a damp cloth, which makes them useful for temporary labeling or drawing. Grease pencils are often used by artists, engineers, and in the construction industry.