Biology

culture

名词

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /kal.chēr/

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(培育)

培养

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolic

形容词

/mɛ.tə.bɑ.lɪk/ or /me.tē.baa.lik/

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(新陈代谢的)

代谢的

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

specimen

名词

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /spe.sē.mēn/

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(样本)

标本

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

genus

名词

/ʤi.nəs/ or /ji.nēs/

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(类)

属

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

strain

名词

/streɪn/ or /strein/

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(变种)

菌株

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

动词

/ɪksk.rit/ or /iksk.rit/

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(分泌)

排泄

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

名词

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yoo.ka.riooot/

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(真核生物体)

真核生物

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

meiosis

名词

/maɪoʊss/ or /maioooss/

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(减数分裂过程)

减数分裂

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

prophase

名词

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /prooo.feiz/

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(前熟期)

前期

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

名词

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /me.tē.feiz/

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(中间期)

中期

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

anaphase

名词

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /ā.na.feiz/

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(中期)

后期

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

名词

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /te.lē.feiz/

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(分裂末期)

末期

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

动词

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /baiooo.dig.reid/

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(生物分解)

生物降解

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biometrics

名词

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /baiooo.met.riks/

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(生物测定法)

生物统计学

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

microbiology

名词

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /maik.rooo.baiaa.lē.ji/

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(微生物科学)

微生物学

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

physiologist

名词

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /fi.ziaa.lē.jist/

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(生理学研究者)

生理学家

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

ecotourism

名词

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /e.kooo.too.ri.zēm/

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(生态旅行)

生态旅游

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

mucus

名词

/mju.kəs/ or /myoo.kēs/

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( mucus / 猪苓)

粘液

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

virion

名词

/vɪ.riən/ or /vi.riēn/

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(病毒体)

病毒颗粒

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

名词

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /kēn.di.shē.ning/

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(训练)

条件反射

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

anthropogenic

形容词

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /ānth.rē.pē.je.nik/

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(人为的)

人类活动引起的

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

motility

名词

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /mooo.ti.li.ti/

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(活动能力)

运动能力

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

名词

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /praa.tist/

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(原生动物)

原生生物

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

形容词

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /haa.maa.lē.gēs/

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(同构的)

同源的

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

名词

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /baiooo.loo.mē.nes.ēns/

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(生物荧光)

生物发光

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

名词

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /haid.rawid/

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(水母)

水螅

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

mycelium

名词

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /mai.si.liēm/

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(菌网)

菌丝体

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

形容词

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /myoo.chooē.list/

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(共生的)

互惠的

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

形容词

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /kē.men.sēl/

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(共栖的)

共生的

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

to assimilate

动词

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

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ə

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(吸收)

同化

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

名词

/spɔr/ or /spawr/

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(生殖胞)

孢子

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

名词

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /baiooo.mās/

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(生物质)

生物量

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomy

名词

/tæk.sɔ.nə.mi/ or /tāk.saw.nē.mi/

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(分类体系)

分类学

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

petri dish

名词

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(平皿)

培养皿

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

agar

名词

/eɪ.gɜr/ or /ei.gēr/

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eɪ

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(寒天)

琼脂

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

decomposition

名词

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(腐烂)

分解

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

名词

/səbs.treɪt/ or /sēbs.treit/

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(底物)

基材

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

ameba

名词

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.bē/

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(阿米巴)

变形虫

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape