A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is a specialized cell that is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body, allowing us to think, feel, and move. They have a unique structure that includes dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the cell body processes this information. The axon, which can be very long, carries electrical impulses away from the cell body and towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Communication between neurons occurs through synapses, small gaps between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

What is a "neuron"?

neuron

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White matter refers to the tissue in the central nervous system that consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibers. It forms the inner layer of the cerebral cortex and comprises bundles of axons that connect different regions of the brain and spinal cord. White matter facilitates communication between different brain regions and enables the transmission of electrical signals across long distances. It plays a vital role in coordinating complex processes such as motor control, sensory perception, and cognitive functions. The name "white matter" stems from its appearance, which is lighter in color compared to the grey matter due to the presence of myelin sheaths that surround the axons.

What is "white matter"?

white matter

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connectome

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parasympathetic

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autonomic

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The hippocampus, a singular body part located in the brain, plays a vital role in memory consolidation, learning, and spatial navigation. It is responsible for converting short-term memories into long-term memories and is involved in various cognitive processes, including the formation of new memories, emotional regulation, and spatial orientation. The hippocampus is shaped like a seahorse and is situated in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. Its intricate network of neurons and connections enables the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, contributing to our ability to remember and navigate the world around us.

What is "hippocampus"?

hippocampus

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The parietal cortex is the region of the brain's cerebral cortex that resides in the parietal lobe. It is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, allowing us to perceive and interpret our surroundings. The parietal cortex is involved in functions such as spatial awareness, perception of touch, body orientation, and spatial cognition. It plays a vital role in our ability to navigate our environment, interact with objects, and engage in activities that require hand-eye coordination and sensory integration.

What is "parietal cortex"?

parietal cortex

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neurotransmitter

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neurogenesis

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Neurosis is a mental condition characterized by constant anxiety, worry, and stress that is not caused by physical illness. People experiencing neurosis may feel constantly tense or overwhelmed by their emotions. This condition can interfere with daily functioning and overall well-being, leading to difficulties in managing responsibilities, relationships, and self-care. Treatment for neurosis often involves therapy to help individuals understand and cope with their anxious thoughts and behaviors, as well as develop healthy coping strategies to reduce stress and improve quality of life.

What is "neurosis"?

neurosis

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neuroscientist

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synesthesia

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sensation

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short-term memory

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Endocrinology is a medical specialty focused on the study and treatment of the endocrine system, which includes the glands that produce hormones to control various bodily functions. Endocrinologists, specialists in this field, diagnose and manage conditions related to hormone imbalances, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal gland issues. They use various tests, including blood tests and imaging studies, to evaluate hormone levels and gland function. Endocrinology plays a crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance, managing chronic conditions, and promoting overall health and well-being.

What is "endocrinology"?

endocrinology

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Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and promote restful sleep. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's internal clock and is involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms, such as the sleep-wake cycle and seasonal changes. Melatonin levels rise in the evening, signaling the body to prepare for sleep, and decline in the morning, promoting wakefulness and alertness.

What is "melatonin"?

melatonin

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ghrelin

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leptin

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Estrogen is a hormone primarily produced by the ovaries in females, although it is also present in smaller amounts in males. It plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system and has various effects on the body. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and the widening of the hips. It also plays a role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and is involved in the maintenance of bone health. Additionally, estrogen affects mood, cognition, and cardiovascular health. Overall, estrogen is an important hormone involved in reproductive processes and the overall well-being of individuals.

What is "estrogen"?

estrogen

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serotonin

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Norepinephrine is released by the adrenal glands and acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It plays a key role in the body's fight-or-flight response, mobilizing energy reserves and increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to the muscles. Norepinephrine also affects mood, attention, and cognition, helping to enhance focus and arousal.

What is "norepinephrine"?

norepinephrine

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histamine

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lipoprotein

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synapse

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biomarker

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Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins, which are essential for numerous bodily functions. There are 20 different amino acids, and they can be divided into three categories: essential, non-essential, and conditional. Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body and must be obtained through dietary sources such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, and nuts. Non-essential amino acids are produced by the body, while conditional amino acids are typically non-essential but may become necessary during periods of illness or stress. Amino acids are crucial for constructing and repairing tissues, supporting immune function, and producing enzymes and hormones. Ensuring an adequate intake of all amino acids is important for maintaining overall health and proper bodily functions.

What are "amino acid"?

amino acid

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acidosis

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alkalosis

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Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and brings carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. It is what makes blood red and is essential for transporting oxygen to tissues and organs. Each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to four oxygen molecules, helping to ensure that the body's cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly.

What is "hemoglobin"?

hemoglobin

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Cytokine is a small protein secreted by various cells in the human body, including immune cells, and plays a crucial role in cell signaling and regulation of immune responses. They act as chemical messengers, coordinating and modulating the immune system's activities, such as inflammation, cell growth, and differentiation. Cytokines help facilitate communication between different cells and are essential for maintaining proper immune function and homeostasis in the body.

What is "cytokine"?

cytokine

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inhibitory

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Here you will learn some English words related to neurology and blood biochemistry, such as "leptin", "ghrelin", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

“神经学与血液生物化学”的英语词汇 | SAT词汇