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SAT考试必备词汇 /

伤害与危险

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1-
to jeopardize
2-
to imperil
3-
to threaten
4-
to compromise
5-
to inflict
6-
to afflict
7-
to contaminate
8-
to trouble
9-
to mar
10-
to debilitate
11-
to decimate
12-
to ambush
13-
to ravage
14-
to sully
15-
to discredit
16-
to debunk
17-
toxicity
18-
plight
19-
inoffensive
20-
menacing
21-
hazardous
22-
inimical
23-
poisonous
24-
corrosive
25-
noxious
26-
inhospitable
27-
susceptible
28-
inviolate
29-
innocuous
30-
ominous
31-
devastating
32-
lethal
33-
treacherous
34-
irreparable
35-
catastrophic
to jeopardize
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(使遭受危险)

(使遭受危险)

危及

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/ˈdʒɛpɝˌdaɪz/
动词

to put something or someone in danger

synonymadventure
synonymhazard
synonymstake
synonymventure
example
示例
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The ongoing conflict is jeopardizing the stability of the region.
Not taking proper security measures can jeopardize the safety of the entire building.
Releasing that confidential document might jeopardize our negotiations with the other firm.

语法信息:

及物动词
to imperil
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(威胁)

(威胁)

危及

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/ˌɪmˈpɛɹəɫ/
动词

to endanger a person or thing

synonymendanger
synonymjeopardise
synonymjeopardize
synonymmenace
synonymperil
synonymthreaten
example
示例
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Continuous disregard for safety measures is imperiling the workplace.
The lack of safety measures could imperil the lives of the workers on the construction site.
Driving under the influence not only imperils the driver but also other innocent road users.

语法信息:

及物动词
to threaten
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(构成危险)

(构成危险)

威胁

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/ˈθɹɛtən/
动词

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

synonymendanger
synonymimperil
synonymjeopardise
synonymjeopardize
synonymmenace
synonymperil
example
示例
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The predator's presence in the area threatened the smaller animals.
The lack of cybersecurity measures could threaten the integrity of sensitive information.
The economic downturn threatened the stability of many businesses.

语法信息:

及物动词
to threaten
to compromise
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(妥协)

(妥协)

危及

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/ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/
动词

to put someone or something in danger, particularly by being careless

example
示例
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The ongoing neglect of cybersecurity is compromising the integrity of data.
Reckless driving can compromise the safety of passengers.
Ignoring health warnings can compromise one's overall well-being.

语法信息:

及物动词
to inflict
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(施加)

(施加)

造成

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/ˌɪnˈfɫɪkt/
动词

to cause or impose something unpleasant, harmful, or unwelcome upon someone or something

synonymbring down
synonymimpose
synonymvisit
example
示例
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The hurricane inflicted significant damage on the coastal town.
The disease inflicted a great deal of suffering on the affected population.
The bully sought to inflict emotional pain on his classmates through taunts and insults.

语法信息:

及物动词
to afflict
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(折磨)

(折磨)

使痛苦

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/əˈfɫɪkt/
动词

to cause pain, suffering, or distress, often as a result of illness, injury, or hardship

synonymsmite
example
示例
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Poverty afflicts many families in this neighborhood.
The virus is currently afflicting communities worldwide.
The region was afflicted by a severe drought last year.

语法信息:

及物动词
to afflict
to contaminate
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(弄脏)

(弄脏)

污染

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/kənˈtæməˌneɪt/
动词

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

synonymadulterate
synonymfoul
synonympollute
example
示例
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Careless waste disposal practices can contaminate groundwater with hazardous substances.
Air pollution from industrial emissions can contaminate the atmosphere with harmful gases.
The factory's discharge pipes contaminated the river with toxic chemicals.
to contaminate
to trouble
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(造成问题)

(造成问题)

给...带来麻烦

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/ˈtɹəbəɫ/
动词

to create problems for someone, resulting in hardship

synonymbother
synonymdiscommode
synonymdisoblige
synonymincommode
synonyminconvenience
synonymput out
example
示例
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The financial crisis troubled many families, causing stress and uncertainty.
Unexpected expenses can trouble individuals and disrupt their financial stability.
The ongoing health issues troubled her, affecting both her physical and mental well-being.

语法信息:

及物动词
to mar
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(损毁)

(损毁)

破坏

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/ˈmɑɹ/
动词

to cause severe damage or destruction

synonymmutilate
example
示例
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His reputation was marred by false accusations.
The economic crisis marred the company's profitability for several years.
The tornado marred the town, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake.
to debilitate
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(使衰弱)

(使衰弱)

削弱

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/dəˈbɪɫəˌteɪt/
动词

to make someone or something weaker or less effective

synonymdrain
synonymenfeeble
example
示例
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Years of neglect have debilitated the infrastructure of the city.
The ongoing stress is debilitating his mental health.
Malnutrition can debilitate a child's growth and development, leading to long-term health issues.

语法信息:

及物动词
to debilitate
to decimate
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(消灭)

(消灭)

毁灭

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/ˈdɛsəˌmeɪt/
动词

to kill large groups of people

synonymannihilate
synonymcarry off
synonymeliminate
synonymeradicate
synonymextinguish
synonymwipe out
example
示例
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During the war, conflicts decimated the soldiers on the front lines.
The plague had the ability to decimate medieval towns and cities.
The famine had the potential to decimate the already vulnerable communities.

语法信息:

及物动词
to decimate
to ambush
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(突袭)

(突袭)

埋伏

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/ˈæmˌbʊʃ/
动词

to wait in a concealed location and launch a surprise attack on a target

synonymambuscade
synonymbushwhack
synonymlie in wait
synonymlurk
synonymscupper
synonymwaylay
example
示例
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The hunters silently ambushed the prey, waiting patiently for the perfect moment to strike.
The guerrilla fighters planned to ambush the enemy convoy on the narrow mountain pass.
Special forces were tasked to ambush the insurgent group during their nighttime patrol.
to ambush
to ravage
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(摧毁)

(摧毁)

破坏

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/ˈɹævɪdʒ/
动词

to cause severe destruction or damage

synonymdesolate
synonymdevastate
synonymlay waste to
synonymscourge
synonymwaste
example
示例
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Economic crises can ravage a country's financial stability and well-being.
The hurricane ravaged the coastal town, leaving behind a trail of destruction.
War can ravage entire communities, affecting both infrastructure and lives.

语法信息:

及物动词
to ravage
to sully
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(诋毁)

(诋毁)

玷污

flag
/ˈsəɫi/
动词

to degrade or tarnish something pure and perfect, especially the reputation of someone

synonymasperse
synonymbesmirch
synonymcalumniate
synonymdefame
synonymdenigrate
synonymslander
to discredit
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(使不可信)

(使不可信)

使失去信誉

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/dɪsˈkɹɛdət/
动词

to make people believe someone or something is not trustworthy or reliable

synonymdisgrace
example
示例
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The scandal discredited the official’s ability to lead the organization effectively.
The lawyer attempted to discredit the witness during cross-examination.
The campaign was designed to discredit the opponent’s character and policies.

语法信息:

及物动词
to debunk
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(揭露)

(揭露)

揭穿

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/dɪˈbəŋk/
动词

to reveal the exaggeration or falseness of a belief, claim, idea, etc.

synonymexpose
example
示例
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The expert used data and research to debunk the false information circulating on social media about the effectiveness of a particular health supplement.
The investigative journalist wrote an article to debunk the misconceptions about climate change, relying on scientific evidence.
The teacher took the time to debunk common misconceptions about a complex scientific concept, ensuring students had accurate information.

语法信息:

及物动词
toxicity
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毒性

毒性

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/tɑkˈsɪsəti/
动词

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

synonymperniciousness
example
示例
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The biologist studied the toxicity of algae blooms in the lake and their impact on fish populations.
Environmental activists raised concerns about the toxicity of air pollution from nearby industrial plants.
The toxicity of the chemical spill contaminated the nearby water supply, posing a threat to aquatic life.
plight
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(困苦的处境)

(困苦的处境)

困境

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/ˈpɫaɪt/
动词

an unpleasant, sad, or difficult situation

synonympredicament
synonymquandary
inoffensive
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(不具攻击性的)

(不具攻击性的)

无害的

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/ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/
动词

unable to cause harm

synonymunoffending
antonymoffensive
menacing
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(凶恶的)

(凶恶的)

威胁的

flag
/ˈmɛnəsɪŋ/
动词

appearing threatening or dangerous

synonymbaleful
synonymforbidding
synonymminacious
synonymminatory
synonymominous
synonymsinister
example
示例
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The menacing tone of his voice made her fear for her safety.
The menacing growl of the dog made the mailman hesitate before approaching the gate.
The menacing silhouette lurking in the alley filled her with dread.
menacing
hazardous
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(有害的)

(有害的)

危险的

flag
/ˈhæzɝdəs/
动词

presenting danger or threat, particularly to people's health or safety

synonymrisky
synonymwild
example
示例
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The hazardous materials spillage required immediate evacuation of the area.
The hazardous chemicals should be handled with care to avoid accidents.
Working without protective gear in the hazardous environment is prohibited.
hazardous
inimical
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(有害的)

(有害的)

敌对的

flag
/ˌɪˈnɪmɪkəɫ/
动词

not useful for friendly relations or mutual cooperation

synonymunfriendly
example
示例
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The hostile takeover bid created an inimical atmosphere within the company, causing divisions among employees and leadership.
The inimical rivalry between the two soccer teams escalated into physical altercations both on and off the field.
The inimical comments made by the politician towards minority groups sparked outrage and condemnation from the public.
poisonous
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(有害的)

(有害的)

有毒的

flag
/ˈpɔɪzənəs/
动词

characterized by a strong intent to harm or cause trouble

synonymvenomous
synonymvicious
example
示例
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The poisonous rivalry between the two teams led to unsportsmanlike behavior on the field.
His poisonous remarks during the meeting offended everyone present.
The politician's poisonous rhetoric fueled division among the constituents.
corrosive
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(腐蚀性)

(腐蚀性)

腐蚀性的

flag
/kɝˈoʊsɪv/
动词

having the ability to cause damage or destruction, especially through chemical reactions

synonymcaustic
synonymerosive
synonymmordant
synonymvitriolic
example
示例
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The corrosive acid ate away at the metal surface.
The corrosive nature of the cleaning solution caused discoloration on the countertop.
The corrosive ideology of extremism threatens social cohesion.
noxious
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(有毒的)

(有毒的)

有害的

flag
/ˈnɑkʃəs/
动词

damaging to health both physically and mentally by being poisonous or unpleasant

antonyminnocuous
inhospitable
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(不适宜的)

(不适宜的)

恶劣的

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/ˌɪnhɑˈspɪtəbəɫ/, /ɪnˈhɑspətəbəɫ/
动词

harsh, providing an environment where life or growth is difficult or impossible

antonymhospitable
susceptible
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(敏感的)

(敏感的)

易受影响的

flag
/səˈsɛptəbəɫ/
动词

easily affected by external factors

antonymunsusceptible
example
示例
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Delicate plants are susceptible to frost.
Older computer systems tend to be more susceptible to viruses and malware than newer ones with updated security software.
Patients undergoing chemotherapy are advised to avoid live virus vaccines as their immune systems are more susceptible to active infections during treatment.
inviolate
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(神圣的)

(神圣的)

不可侵犯的

flag
/ˌɪnˈvaɪəɫɪt/
动词

not affected, and immune to harm, change, disrespect, or destruction

synonyminviolable
synonymsacrosanct
example
示例
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Despite numerous attempts to undermine it, the principle remained inviolate.
The agreement was considered inviolate, with all parties respecting its terms.
The sacred site was treated inviolate by the local residents, maintaining its original state.
innocuous
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(无危险的)

(无危险的)

无害的

flag
/ˌɪˈnɑkjuəs/
动词

not likely to cause damage, harm, or danger

synonyminnocent
example
示例
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The children's game of tag was innocuous fun, with no risk of injury.
The spider in the corner was innocuous and posed no threat.
Despite its appearance, the plant in the garden was innocuous and safe to touch.
ominous
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(凶兆的)

(凶兆的)

不祥的

flag
/ˈɑmənəs/
动词

giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen

synonymbaleful
synonymforbidding
synonymmenacing
synonymminacious
synonymminatory
synonymsinister
example
示例
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The eerie silence in the haunted house felt ominous to the visitors.
His ominous silence during the meeting suggested dissatisfaction with the proposal.
The sudden drop in sales figures cast an ominous shadow over the company's future.
devastating
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(引起严重破坏的)

(引起严重破坏的)

毁灭性的

flag
/ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ/
动词

causing severe damage, destruction, or emotional distress

synonymannihilating
synonymannihilative
synonymwithering
example
示例
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The devastating consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident around the world.
The devastating news of his terminal illness shook his loved ones to the core.
Watching the devastating impact of the hurricane on the coastal communities was heart-wrenching.
lethal
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(死亡的)

(死亡的)

致命的

flag
/ˈɫiθəɫ/
动词

capable of causing death

synonymdeadly
example
示例
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The chemical spill released a lethal gas into the atmosphere, posing a serious risk to nearby residents.
Tim's severe allergic reaction to peanuts could be lethal if not treated promptly with an epinephrine injection.
The doctor warned that the patient's cancer had progressed to a lethal stage, with limited treatment options available.
lethal
treacherous
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(危险的)

(危险的)

背叛的

flag
/ˈtɹɛtʃɝəs/
动词

dangerous for not being stable or reliable

synonymunreliable
irreparable
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(无法弥补的)

(无法弥补的)

不可修复的

flag
/ˌɪˈɹɛpɝəbəɫ/
动词

impossible to become fixed or right again

antonymreparable
irreparable
catastrophic
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(毁灭性的)

(毁灭性的)

灾难性的

flag
/ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/
动词

causing a great deal of harm, suffering, or damage

synonymruinous
example
示例
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The catastrophic earthquake left entire cities in ruins.
The catastrophic loss of biodiversity threatens the stability of ecosystems worldwide.
The catastrophic impact of the hurricane displaced thousands of people from their homes.
catastrophic
pattern

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