Geology

bedrock

名词

/bɛd.rɑk/ or /bed.raak/

b

b

e

e

d

d

r

r

o

ɑ

ck

k

(岩基)

基岩

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

shale

名词

/ʃeɪl/ or /sheil/

sh

ʃ

a

eɪ

l

l

e

(岩板)

页岩

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

basalt

名词

/bə.sɔlt/ or /bē.sawlt/

b

b

a

ə

s

s

a

ɔ

l

l

t

t

(黑云母岩)

玄武岩

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

index fossil

名词

/ˈɪndɛks fˈɑːsəl/

(指示化石)

指标化石

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

intrusion

名词

/ɪnt.ru.ʒən/ or /int.roo.zhēn/

i

ɪ

n

n

t

t

r

r

u

u

s

ʒ

io

ə

n

n

(侵入作用)

侵入岩

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

igneous

形容词

/ɪg.niəs/ or /ig.niēs/

i

ɪ

g

g

n

n

eou

iə

s

s

(岩浆岩的)

火成的

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

metamorphic

形容词

/mɛ.tə.mɔr.fɪk/ or /me.tē.mawr.fik/

m

m

e

ɛ

t

t

a

ə

m

m

o

ɔ

r

r

ph

f

i

ɪ

c

k

(变形的)

变质的

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

tectonic

形容词

/tɛk.tɑ:.nɪk/ or /tek.taa.nik/

t

t

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

o

ɑ

n

n

i

ɪ

c

k

(地壳运动的)

构造的

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

to smelt

动词

/smɛlt/ or /smelt/

s

s

m

m

e

ɛ

l

l

t

t

(熔炼)

冶炼

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

slag

名词

/slæg/ or /slāg/

s

s

l

l

a

æ

g

g

(熔渣)

矿渣

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

mesozoic

名词

/mɛ.sə.zoʊɪk/ or /me.sē.zoooik/

m

m

e

ɛ

s

s

o

ə

z

z

oi

oʊɪ

c

k

(中世紀)

中生代

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

olivine

名词

/ɑ.lə.vin/ or /aa.lē.vin/

o

ɑ

l

l

i

ə

v

v

i

i

n

n

e

(橄榄矿)

橄榄石

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

pyroxene

名词

/paɪ.rɑk.sin/ or /pai.raak.sin/

p

p

y

aɪ

r

r

o

ɑ

x

ks

e

i

n

n

e

(镁铁矿)

辉石

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

feldspar

名词

/fɛld.spɑr/ or /feld.spaar/

f

f

e

ɛ

l

l

d

d

s

s

p

p

a

ɑ

r

r

(钾长石)

长石

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

argillite

名词

/ɑ:r.ʤɪl.laɪt/ or /aar.jil.lait/

a

ɑ:

r

r

g

g

i

ɪ

ll

l

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(页岩)

粘土岩

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

geologist

名词

/ʤiɑ.lə.ʤəst/ or /jiaa.lē.jēst/

g

ʤ

eo

iɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

i

ə

s

s

t

t

(地质专家)

地质学家

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

seismologist

名词

/saɪz.mɑ.lə.ʤəst/ or /saiz.maa.lē.jēst/

s

s

ei

aɪ

s

z

m

m

o

ɑ

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

i

ə

s

s

t

t

(地震专家)

地震学家

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

epicenter

名词

/ɛ.pə.sɛn.tɜr/ or /e.pē.sen.tēr/

e

ɛ

p

p

i

ə

c

s

e

ɛ

n

n

t

t

e

ɜ

r

r

(震源上方)

震中

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

volcanology

名词

/vɑ:l.ka.nɑ:.lə.ʤi/ or /vaal.ka.naa.lē.ji/

v

v

o

ɑ:

l

l

c

k

a

a

n

n

o

ɑ:

l

l

o

ə

g

ʤ

y

i

(火山地质学)

火山学

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

caldera

名词

/kæl.dɛ.rə/ or /kāl.de.rē/

c

k

a

æ

l

l

d

d

e

ɛ

r

r

a

ə

(塌陷口)

火山口

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

quartzite

名词

/kwɔ:rt.saɪt/ or /kvawrt.sait/

q

k

u

w

a

ɔ:

r

r

t

t

z

s

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(石英砂岩)

石英岩

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

geothermal

形容词

/ʤioʊ.θɜr.məl/ or /jiooo.thēr.mēl/

g

ʤ

eo

ioʊ

th

θ

e

ɜ

r

r

m

m

a

ə

l

l

(地热能的)

地热的

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

basin

名词

/beɪ.sən/ or /bei.sēn/

b

b

a

eɪ

s

s

i

ə

n

n

(洼地)

盆地

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

subduction

名词

/sʌb.dʌk.ʃən/ or /sab.dak.shēn/

s

s

u

ʌ

b

b

d

d

u

ʌ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(下沉)

俯冲

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

mantle

名词

/mæn.təl/ or /mān.tēl/

m

m

a

æ

n

n

t

t

ə

l

l

e

(地球内层)

地幔

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

kaolinite

名词

/keɪə.lɪ.naɪt/ or /keiē.li.nait/

k

k

ao

eɪə

l

l

i

ɪ

n

n

i

aɪ

t

t

e

(瓷土)

高岭土

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications