(形态学)
解剖学
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
Anatomy is the branch of science that studies the structure of living organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. It involves examining the arrangement and relationships of different body parts, such as organs, tissues, bones, and cells, to understand how they function together in various organisms. By examining anatomy, researchers and medical professionals gain valuable understanding of the body's complexities, helping in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and injuries.
(酶类)
酶
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
Enzymes are special proteins that speed up biological reactions in the body. They help reactions occur more quickly by reducing the amount of energy needed to start them. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning each enzyme typically activates only one type of reaction or a few closely related reactions. They play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including digestion, metabolism, and cellular processes. For example, digestive enzymes aid in breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body, while metabolic enzymes assist in chemical reactions involved in energy production and the creation of essential molecules. Without enzymes, many vital biochemical reactions would happen too slowly to sustain life processes.
(外源性物质)
抗原
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
An antigen is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response in the human body. It can be a molecule, such as a protein or a carbohydrate, that is recognized as non-self by the immune system. Antigens are often found on the surface of pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, but can also be present on allergens or cells from transplanted organs. When the immune system encounters an antigen, it initiates an immune response to eliminate or neutralize it. This response involves the production of antibodies, activation of immune cells, and the development of immune memory. Antigens are crucial for the body's ability to distinguish between self and non-self and play a vital role in immune defense and disease recognition.
(胚胎)
胎儿
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
(受精卵)
胚胎
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
(排卵作用)
排卵
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
(变异)
突变
to experience genetic changes
语法信息:
(淋巴液)
淋巴
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
(薄膜)
膜
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
A membrane refers to a thin, flexible layer of tissue that covers, lines, or separates various structures and organs. These membranes serve diverse functions, such as protecting organs, providing structural support, facilitating movement and flexibility, and allowing for the exchange of substances. Examples of membranes in the human body include the mucous membranes that line the respiratory and digestive tracts, the serous membranes that encase organs in protective fluid-filled cavities, and the cell membranes that surround individual cells, regulating the passage of molecules. Membranes are essential for the proper functioning and integration of different body systems.
(神经传导物质)
神经递质
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
(线粒体器)
线粒体
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(肾上腺皮质激素)
皮质醇
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
(分泌出)
分泌
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
语法信息:
(全基因组)
基因组
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
(主导)
显性
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
(激励)
刺激
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
(混血动物)
杂交种
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
(克隆体)
克隆
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
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