073. Abstract Nouns

advice

noun

a

æ

d

v

i

aɪ

c

s

e

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a suggestion or an opinion that is given with regard to making the best decision in a specific situation

happiness

noun

h

a

æ

pp

p

i

n

e

ə

ss

s

the feeling of being happy and well

unhappiness

intention

noun

i

ɪ

n

t

e

ɛ

n

t

ʧ

io

ə

n

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

justice

noun

j

ʤ

u

ə

s

t

i

ə

c

s

e

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

injustice

noun

i

ɪ

n

j

ʤ

u

ə

s

t

i

ɪ

c

s

e

a behavior or treatment that is unjust and unfair

justice

achievement

noun

a

ə

ch

ʧ

ie

i

v

e

m

e

ə

n

t

the action or process of reaching a particular thing

adjustment

noun

a

ə

d

j

ʤ

u

ə

s

t

m

e

ə

n

t

the act of making something suitable or adapting to specific circumstances by making necessary changes or modifications

amazement

noun

a

ə

m

a

eɪ

z

e

m

e

ə

n

t

a feeling of great wonder, often due to something extraordinary

disagreement

noun

d

i

ɪ

s

a

ə

g

r

ee

i

m

e

ə

n

t

an argument or a situation in which people have different opinions about something

agreement

improvement

noun

i

ɪ

m

p

r

o

u

v

e

m

e

ə

n

t

the action or process of making something better

investment

noun

i

ɪ

n

v

e

ɛ

s

t

m

e

ə

n

t

the act or process of putting money into something to gain profit

replacement

noun

/ɹɪˈpɫeɪsmənt/

the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another

retirement

noun

r

e

i

t

i

aɪɜ

r

e

m

e

ə

n

t

the period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age

affection

noun

a

ə

ff

f

e

ɛ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a feeling of fondness or liking toward someone or something

combination

noun

c

k

o

ɑ

m

b

i

ə

n

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a unified whole created by joining or mixing two or more distinct elements or parts together

expectation

noun

e

ɛ

x

ks

p

e

ɛ

c

k

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a belief about what is likely to happen in the future, often based on previous experiences or desires

frustration

noun

f

r

u

ə

s

t

r

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

the feeling of being impatient, annoyed, or upset because of being unable to do or achieve what is desired

limitation

noun

l

i

ɪ

m

i

ɪ

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

the quality of being limited or restricted

recession

noun

/ˌɹiˈsɛʃən/, /ɹɪˈsɛʃən/

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

reduction

noun

r

e

ə

d

u

ə

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a decline in amount, degree, etc. of a particular thing

increase

consciousness

noun

c

k

o

ɑ

n

s

c

ʃ

iou

ə

s

n

e

ə

ss

s

the state or quality of being awake and capable of perception, thought, and response

unconsciousness

eagerness

noun

ea

i

g

e

ɜ

r

n

e

ə

ss

s

the state of being enthusiastic about having or doing something or feeling this way when expecting something

kindness

noun

k

i

aɪ

n

d

n

e

ə

ss

s

an action that is caring, kind, or helpful

laziness

noun

l

a

eɪ

z

i

n

e

ə

ss

s

the state of being inactive or doing nothing considered to be a sin

politeness

noun

p

o

ə

l

i

aɪ

t

e

n

e

ə

ss

s

a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage

impoliteness

weakness

noun

w

ea

i

k

n

e

ə

ss

s

a vulnerability or limitation that makes you less strong or effective

activity

noun

a

æ

c

k

t

i

ɪ

v

i

ɪ

t

y

i

something that a person spends time doing, particularly to accomplish a certain purpose

inactivity

authority

noun

au

ə

th

θ

o

ɔ

r

i

ə

t

y

i

the right or power to give orders to people

creativity

noun

c

k

r

ea

ieɪ

t

i

ɪ

v

i

ə

t

y

i

the ability to use imagination in order to bring something new into existence

uncreativeness

What is "creativity"?

Creativity is the ability to come up with new and original ideas, solutions, or artistic works. It involves thinking in new ways, combining existing concepts in original ways, and using imagination to solve problems or create something unique. Creativity can be found in art, science, technology, business, and everyday life. It often starts with curiosity, a desire to explore the unknown, and the willingness to take risks and experiment. Creativity is a valuable skill that can lead to discoveries, inspire others, and lead to personal and professional growth.

curiosity

noun

c

k

u

jʊ

r

io

iɑ

s

i

ə

t

y

i

a strong wish to learn something or to know more about something

generosity

noun

g

ʤ

e

ɛ

n

e

ɜ

r

o

ɑ

s

i

ə

t

y

i

the quality of being kind, understanding and unselfish, especially in providing money or gifts to others

stinginess

hostility

noun

h

o

ɑ

s

t

i

ɪ

l

i

ə

t

y

i

behavior or feelings that are aggressive or unfriendly

popularity

noun

p

o

ɑ

p

u

j

ə

l

a

ɛ

r

i

ə

t

y

i

the state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people

unpopularity

sensitivity

noun

s

e

ɛ

n

s

i

ɪ

t

i

ɪ

v

i

ɪ

t

y

i

the ability to respond to physical stimuli or to register small physical amounts or differences

boredom

noun

b

o

ɔ

r

e

d

o

ə

m

the feeling of being uninterested or restless because things are dull or repetitive

freedom

noun

f

r

ee

i

d

o

ə

m

the right to act, say, or think as one desires without being stopped, controlled, or restricted

kingdom

noun

k

i

ɪ

n

g

d

o

ə

m

an area or territory that is governed by a king or queen

martyrdom

noun

m

a

ɑ

r

t

y

ɜ

r

d

o

ə

m

the act of voluntarily suffering death as the result of maintaining religious or other ideals, usually political or religious

stardom

noun

s

t

a

ɑ

r

d

o

ə

m

the status of being acknowledged as a star

wisdom

noun

w

i

ɪ

s

z

d

o

ə

m

the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments

unsoundness

breadth

noun

b

r

ea

ɛ

d

th

θ

the distance between two sides of something

depth

noun

d

e

ɛ

p

th

θ

the distance below the top surface of something

length

noun

l

e

ɛ

n

g

th

θ

the distance from one end to the other end of an object that shows how long it is

strength

noun

s

t

r

e

ɛ

n

g

k

th

θ

the quality or state of being physically or mentally strong

weakness

warmth

noun

w

a

ɔ

r

m

th

θ

the quality or state of moderate heat

width

noun

w

i

ɪ

d

th

θ

the distance of something from side to side

adulthood

noun

a

ə

d

u

ə

l

th

oo

ʊ

d

the period of being an adult, characterized by physical and psychological maturity

brotherhood

noun

b

r

o

ə

th

ð

e

ɜ

r

h

oo

ʊ

d

the relationship between two or more brothers

childhood

noun

ch

ʧ

i

aɪ

l

d

h

oo

ʊ

d

the period or time of being a child, characterized by significant physical and emotional growth

motherhood

noun

m

o

ʌ

th

ð

e

ə

r

h

oo

ʊ

d

the state of being a mother to a child or children

neighborhood

noun

n

ei

eɪ

gh

b

o

ə

r

h

oo

ʊ

d

an area or district of a town or city that forms a community

manhood

noun

m

a

æ

n

h

oo

ʊ

d

the state of being a man; manly qualities

womanhood

noun

w

o

ʊ

m

a

ə

n

h

oo

ʊ

d

the status of a woman

companionship

noun

c

k

o

ə

m

p

a

æ

n

i

j

o

ə

n

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

the delightful feeling that one has when accompanied by people one enjoys spending time with rather than being alone

relationship

noun

r

e

i

l

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

the connection among two or more things or people or the way in which they are connected

apprenticeship

noun

a

ə

pp

p

r

e

ɛ

n

t

i

ə

c

s

e

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

a formal training where an apprentice learns a trade or craft through practical experience under the guidance of a skilled mentor

What is an "apprenticeship"?

An apprenticeship is a training program where individuals learn a trade or skill through hands-on experience while working under the guidance of an experienced professional. Participants typically divide their time between working in a real-world setting and attending formal education or training sessions to gain knowledge related to their field. This method allows apprentices to acquire practical skills, develop expertise, and earn an income while learning. Apprenticeships are common in fields such as construction, manufacturing, and the arts, and often lead to certification or employment opportunities upon completion.

partnership

noun

p

a

ɑ

r

t

n

e

ɜ

r

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

a formal arrangement where two or more individuals, organizations, etc. come together as partners to achieve a goal, typically in business

ownership

noun

o

oʊ

w

n

e

ɜ

r

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

membership

noun

m

e

ɛ

m

b

e

ɜ

r

sh

ʃ

i

ɪ

p

the state of belonging to a group, organization, etc.

anger

noun

a

æ

n

g

e

ə

r

a strong feeling that we have when something bad has happened, so we might be unkind to someone or harm them

faith

noun

f

ai

eɪ

th

θ

strong belief in a particular god or religion

luck

noun

l

u

ə

ck

k

success and good fortune that is brought by chance and not because of one's own efforts and actions

sense

noun

s

e

ɛ

n

s

e

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

belief

noun

b

e

ə

l

ie

i

f

a strong feeling of certainty that something or someone exists or is true; a strong feeling that something or someone is right or good

fear

noun

f

ea

ɪ

r

a bad feeling that we get when we are afraid or worried

fearlessness

sight

noun

s

i

aɪ

gh

t

an instance or act of seeing something through visual perception

principle

noun

p

r

i

ɪ

n

c

s

i

ə

p

ə

l

e

a fundamental belief or guideline based on what is morally right that influences one's actions and decisions

calm

Adjective

c

k

a

ɑ

l

m

not showing worry, anger, or other strong emotions

humor

noun

h

u

ju

m

o

ɜ

r

the ability to understand, enjoy, or communicate what is funny or amusing

rage

noun

r

a

eɪ

g

ʤ

e

great anger that is hard to contain

speed

noun

s

p

ee

i

d

the rate or pace at which something or someone moves

chance

noun

ch

ʧ

a

æ

n

c

s

e

a possibility that something will happen

idea

noun

i

aɪ

d

ea

i:ə

a suggestion or thought about something that we could do

reason

noun

r

ea

i

s

z

o

ə

n

a rational motive for a belief or action

thought

noun

th

θ

ou

ɔ

gh

t

something that comes to one's mind, such as, an idea, image, etc.

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