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English Vocabulary in Use - Advanced /

045. Economy and Finance

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1-
sustainable
2-
development
3-
encouraging
4-
to take root
5-
economic growth
6-
decline
7-
poverty
8-
determined
9-
effort
10-
to allocate
11-
fund
12-
grant
13-
to pursue
14-
policy
15-
to eradicate
16-
to improve
17-
access
18-
debt
19-
to repay
20-
burden
21-
to ease
22-
debt relief
23-
debtor
24-
incurring
25-
restrictive
26-
currency
27-
war-torn
28-
ailing
29-
devaluation
30-
revaluation
31-
recession
32-
to boost
sustainable
Adjective
s
s
u
ə
s
s
t
t
ai
n
n
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
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able to continue for a long period of time

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
development
development
noun
d
d
e
ɪ
v
v
e
ɛ
l
l
o
ə
p
p
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

degeneration

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
encouraging
encouraging
Adjective
e
ɛ
n
n
c
k
ou
ɜ
r
r
a
ɪ
g
ʤ
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

showing signs of likely success or improvement

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to take root
Verb
uk flag
/tˈeɪk ɹˈuːt/

become settled or established and stable in one's residence or life style

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
economic growth
noun
uk flag
/ˌiːkənˈɑːmɪk ɡɹˈoʊθ/

an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a specific period, often measured by gross domestic product

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
decline
noun
d
d
e
ɪ
c
k
l
l
i
n
n
e

a continuous reduction in something's amount, value, intensity, etc.

improvement

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
poverty
poverty
noun
p
p
o
ɑ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
t
t
y
i

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

wealth

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
determined
determined
Adjective
d
d
e
ɪ
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
i
ə
n
n
e
d
d

having or displaying a strong will to achieve a goal despite the challenges or obstacles

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
effort
noun
e
ɛ
ff
f
o
ɜ
r
r
t
t

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to allocate
to allocate
Verb
a
æ
ll
l
o
ə
c
k
a
t
t
e

to distribute or assign resources, funds, or tasks for a particular purpose

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
fund
noun
f
f
u
ə
n
n
d
d

a sum of money that is collected and saved for a particular purpose

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
grant
grant
noun
g
g
r
r
a
æ
n
n
t
t

an amount of money given by the government or another organization for a specific purpose

What is a "grant"?

A grant is a sum of money provided by an organization, government, or foundation to support a specific purpose or project. Grants are typically given to individuals, organizations, or institutions that meet certain criteria, and they do not need to be repaid. They can be awarded for a variety of reasons, such as funding research, supporting education, or assisting with community development. Grants are often based on need, merit, or specific goals that align with the goals of the granting organization.

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to pursue
Verb
p
p
u
ɜ
r
r
s
s
ue
u

to continue or push forward with an activity, goal, or plan

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
policy
noun
p
p
o
ɑ
l
l
i
ə
c
s
y
i

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to eradicate
to eradicate
Verb
e
ɪ
r
r
a
æ
d
d
i
ə
c
k
a
t
t
e

to completely destroy something, particularly a problem or threat

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to improve
to improve
Verb
i
ɪ
m
m
p
p
r
r
o
u
v
v
e

to make a person or thing better

worsen

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
access
noun
a
æ
c
k
c
s
e
ɛ
ss
s

the right or opportunity to use something or benefit from it

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
debt
debt
noun
d
d
e
ɛ
b
t
t

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to repay
to repay
Verb
uk flag
/ɹiˈpeɪ/

to give back the money that was borrowed or owed

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
burden
noun
b
b
u
ɜ:
r
r
d
d
e
n
n

a responsibility or task that causes hardship, stress, etc.

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to ease
Verb
ea
i
s
z
e

to reduce the severity or seriousness of something unpleasant

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
debt relief
noun
uk flag
/dˈɛt ɹɪlˈiːf/

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
debtor
noun
d
d
e
ɛ
b
t
t
o
ɜ
r
r

a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt

creditor

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
incurring
noun
i
ɪ
n
n
c
k
u
ɜ
rr
r
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable)

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
restrictive
Adjective
r
r
e
i
s
s
t
t
r
r
i
ɪ
c
k
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e

imposing limitations or boundaries that can hinder freedom or action

unrestrictive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
currency
currency
noun
c
k
u
ɜ
rr
r
e
ə
n
n
c
s
y
i

the type or system of money that is used by a country

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
war-torn
Adjective
uk flag
/wˈɔːɹtˈɔːɹn/

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
ailing
ailing
Adjective
ai
l
l
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

suffering from an illness or injury

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
devaluation
noun
uk flag
/ˌdivæɫjuˈeɪʃən/, /dɪˌvæɫjuˈeɪʃən/

the reduction of something's value or worth

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
revaluation
noun
uk flag
/ɹiˈvæɫjuˈeɪʃən/

a new appraisal or evaluation

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
recession
noun
uk flag
/ˌɹiˈsɛʃən/, /ɹɪˈsɛʃən/

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective
to boost
to boost
Verb
b
b
oo
u
s
s
t
t

to increase or improve the progress, growth, or success of something

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

sustain

Verb

sustainable

Adjective

sustainability

Noun

sustainability

Noun

sustainably

Adverb

sustainably

Adverb

unsustainable

Adjective

unsustainable

Adjective

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