023. Physical Geography

mountain

noun

m

o

a

u

ʊ

n

t

a

i

n

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a very tall and large natural structure that looks like a huge hill with a pointed top that is often covered in snow

mountain chain

noun

/mˈaʊntɪn tʃˈeɪn/

a series of hills or mountains

island

noun

i

aɪ

s

l

a

ə

n

d

a piece of land surrounded by water

river

noun

r

i

ɪ

v

e

ə

r

a natural and continuous stream of water flowing on the land to the sea, a lake, or another river

the ocean

noun

o

oʊ

c

ʃ

ea

ə

n

the great mass of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface

Grammatical Information:

sea

noun

s

ea

i:

the salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface and surrounds its continents and islands

gulf

noun

g

u

ə

l

f

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

bay

noun

b

a

e

y

ɪ

an area of land that is curved and partly encloses a part of the sea

strait

noun

s

t

r

ai

eɪ

t

a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water

lake

noun

l

a

eɪ

k

e

a large area of water, surrounded by land

current

noun

c

k

u

ɑ

rr

r

e

ə

n

t

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

Iceland

noun

/ˈaɪsɫənd/

an island country in the North Atlantic, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, glaciers, and geothermal activity

Grammatical Information:

proper noun

landscape

noun

l

a

æ

n

d

s

c

k

a

eɪ

p

e

a beautiful scene in the countryside that can be seen in one particular view

barren

Adjective

b

a

æ

rr

r

e

ə

n

(of land or soil) not capable of producing any plants

plain

noun

p

l

ai

eɪ

n

a vast area of flat land

active

Adjective

/ˈæktɪv/

(of a volcano) currently showing signs of volcanic activity or having the potential to become active soon

dormant

volcano

noun

v

o

ɑ

l

c

k

a

eɪ

n

o

oʊ

a mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air

thermal

Adjective

/ˈθɝməɫ/

of or relating to a hot spring

geyser

noun

g

e

y

aɪ

s

z

e

ɜ

r

a natural hot spring that periodically erupts with a column of boiling water and steam due to underground volcanic activity

crop

noun

c

k

r

o

ɑ

p

all the fruit, wheat, etc. harvested during a season

economy

noun

e

i

c

k

o

ɑ

n

o

ə

m

y

i

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

area

noun

a

ɛ

r

ea

iə

a particular part or region of a city, country, or the world

population

noun

p

o

ɑ

p

u

j

ə

l

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

the number of people who live in a particular city or country

capital

noun

c

k

a

æ

p

i

ə

t

a

ə

l

the city or town that is considered to be the political center of a country or state, from which the government operates

coast

noun

c

k

oa

oʊ

s

t

the land close to a sea, ocean, or lake

shore

noun

sh

ʃ

o

ɔ

r

e

the area of land where the land meets a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river

beach

noun

b

ea

i:

ch

ʧ

an area of sand or small stones next to a sea or a lake

valley

noun

v

a

æ

ll

l

e

y

i

a low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it

gorge

noun

/ˈɡɔɹdʒ/

a deep narrow valley, typically with a stream running through it

stream

noun

s

t

r

ea

i

m

a small and narrow river that runs on or under the earth

foot

noun

/fʊt/

the bottom of something

head

ridge

noun

/ˈɹɪdʒ/

an elevated area of land that forms a crest along a hill or mountain range

peak

noun

p

ea

i

k

the pointed top of a mountain

summit

noun

s

u

ə

mm

m

i

ə

t

the top of a mountain

glacier

noun

g

l

a

eɪ

c

ʃ

ie

ɜ

r

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

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