055. Obligation, Need, Possibility and Probability

to be obliged to do something

phrase

/biː ɔːɹ fˈiːl əblˈaɪdʒd tə dˈuː ˌɛstˌiːˈeɪtʃ/

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Collocation

to have a moral duty or be forced to do a particular thing, often due to legal reasons

optional

Adjective

/ɑp.ʃə.nəl/ or /aap.shē.nēl/

o

ɑ

p

p

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

a

ə

l

l

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available or possible to choose but not required or forced

exempt

Adjective

/ɪ.gzɛmpt/ or /i.gzempt/

e

ɪ

x

gz

e

ɛ

m

m

p

p

t

t

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not obligated to something like a tax or duty that others must do

in need

Adjective

/ɪn nˈiːd/

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requiring support, assistance, or resources due to a shortage or difficult circumstances

need

noun

/ni:d/ or /nid/

n

n

ee

i:

d

d

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a condition or situation in which something is necessary

shortage

noun

/ʃɔr.təʤ/ or /shawr.tēj/

sh

ʃ

o

ɔ

r

r

t

t

a

ə

g

ʤ

e

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a lack of something needed, such as supplies, resources, or people

lack

noun

/læk/ or /lāk/

l

l

a

æ

ck

k

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the absence or insufficiency of something, often implying a deficiency or shortage

necessity

noun

/nə.sɛ.sə.ti/ or /nē.se.sē.ti/

n

n

e

ə

c

s

e

ɛ

ss

s

i

ə

t

t

y

i

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the fact that something must happen or is needed

without

preposition

/wɪð.aʊt/ or /vidh.aoot/

w

w

i

ɪ

th

ð

o

a

u

ʊ

t

t

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used to indicate not having or being deprived of a particular element

requirement

noun

/rɪk.waɪr.mənt/ or /rik.vair.mēnt/

r

r

e

ɪ

q

k

u

w

i

aɪ

r

r

e

m

m

e

ə

n

n

t

t

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a necessary condition that has to be fulfilled

opportunity

noun

/ɑ.pɜr.tu.nə.ti/ or /aa.pēr.too.nē.ti/

o

ɑ

pp

p

o

ɜ

r

r

t

t

u

u

n

n

i

ə

t

t

y

i

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a situation or a chance where doing or achieving something particular becomes possible or easier

possibility

noun

/pɑ.sə.bɪ.lə.ti/ or /paa.sē.bi.lē.ti/

p

p

o

ɑ

ss

s

i

ə

b

b

i

ɪ

l

l

i

ə

t

t

y

i

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the quality of having the capacity to improve, succeed, or develop into something in the future

doubtful

Adjective

/daʊt.fəl/ or /daoot.fēl/

d

d

o

a

u

ʊ

b

t

t

f

f

u

ə

l

l

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improbable or unlikely to happen or be the case

certainty

noun

/sɜr.tən.ti/ or /sēr.tēn.ti/

c

s

e

ɜ

r

r

t

t

ai

ə

n

n

t

t

y

i

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the state of being sure about something, usually when there is proof