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discrimination
/dɪsˌkɹɪməˈneɪʃən/
noun
the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others
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persecution
/ˌpɝsəkˈjuʃən/
noun
an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views
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affirmative action
/ɐfˈɜːmətˌɪv ˈækʃən/
noun
the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs
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to marginalize
/ˈmɑɹdʒənəˌɫaɪz/
verb
to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance
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class struggle
/klˈæs stɹˈʌɡəl/
noun
the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology
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deportation
/ˌdipɔɹˈteɪʃən/
noun
the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law
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political asylum
/pəlˈɪɾɪkəl ɐsˈaɪləm/
noun
the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons
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asylum seeker
/ɐsˈaɪləm sˈiːkɚ/
noun
someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger
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illegal
/ˌɪˈɫiɡəɫ/
noun
someone who illegally lives or works in a country
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immigration
/ˌɪməˈɡɹeɪʃən/
noun
the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there; the number of those who do so
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emigration
/ˌɛməˈɡɹeɪʃən/
noun
the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another
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naturalization
/ˈnætʃɝəɫəˈzeɪʃən/, /ˈnætʃɹəɫəˈzeɪʃən/
noun
the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country
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bigotry
/ˈbɪɡətɹi/
noun
the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life
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intolerance
/ˌɪnˈtɑɫɝəns/
noun
the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own
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deprivation
/ˌdɛpɹəˈveɪʃən/
noun
the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs
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disadvantaged
/ˌdɪsədˈvænɪdʒd/, /dɪsədˈvæntɪdʒd/
adjective
(of a person or area) under adverse circumstances, especially financially or socially
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vagrancy
/ˈveɪɡɹənsi/
noun
the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment
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unrest
/ənˈɹɛst/
noun
a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely
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uprising
/ˈəˌpɹaɪzɪŋ/, /əˈpɹaɪzɪŋ/
noun
a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power
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subsistence
/səbˈsɪstəns/
noun
a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive
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refuge
/ˈɹɛfjudʒ/
noun
protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome
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poverty-stricken
/pˈɑːvɚɾistɹˈɪkən/
adjective
suffering from extreme deprivation
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to impoverish
/ˌɪmˈpɑvɹɪʃ/
verb
to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty
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indigent
/ˈɪndɪdʒənt/
adjective
extremely poor or in need
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modern slavery
/mˈɑːdɚn slˈeɪvɚɹi/
noun
a modern form of slavery that involves using threats or violence to force people to work and preventing them from escaping
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to lay off
/lˈeɪ ˈɔf/
verb
to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload
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trafficking
/ˈtɹæfɪkɪŋ/
noun
the buying and selling of goods illegally
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malnutrition
/ˌmæɫnuˈtɹɪʃən/
noun
a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy
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passive smoking
/pˈæsɪv smˈoʊkɪŋ/
noun
the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily
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homophobia
/ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbiə/
noun
hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals
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hard drug
/hˈɑːɹd dɹˈʌɡ/
noun
a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure
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soft drug
/sˈɔft dɹˈʌɡ/
noun
a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure
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displacement
/dɪsˈpɫeɪsmənt/
noun
expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe
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