free market
/fɹˈiː mˈɑːɹkɪt/
noun
an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

Examples

stock exchange
/stˈɑːk ɛkstʃˈeɪndʒ/
noun
a place in which shares and stocks are traded
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Examples

1Facebook, for example, has earned sixteen billion dollars from it's listing on the Stock Exchange.
2Unlike a normal market in which goods can be touched and taken home on the Stock Exchange only virtual goods are available.
3Stock Exchange is in other countries also have there own indices.
4Philip Olson and Julia-Lorenz Olson guide you through the complex world of personal finance, from the kitchen table to the Stock Exchange.
5His 1966 paper Market Making and Reversal on the Stock Exchange is considered the first paper on statistical arbitrage and market microstructure.
bankrupt
/ˈbæŋkɹəpt/
adjective
(of organizations or people) legally declared as unable to pay their debts to creditors
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Examples

1The accident and subsequent salvage operation bankrupted the Great Western Steamship company.
2The company went bankrupt.
3The factory goes bankrupt.
4This country is functionally bankrupt.
5You guys bankrupted the bank.
broke
/ˈbɹoʊk/
adjective
not having any money
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Examples

1Broke my heart.
2Broke a stool.
3Broke many norms of the standard conventions for the first time.
4No! - Broke.
5- Broke my foot.
stake
/ˈsteɪk/
noun
an amount of money invested in a business; a share or part in a business, system, etc. that may yield money
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Examples

1Across the Atlantic, a new nation staked its claim for independence on the basis of these ideas.
2His campaign is staking survival on his strength with black voters.
3- Stakes are high.
4Many brands stake their reputations in the country of origin.
5Stake down the four corners of the tent.
market economy
/mˈɑːɹkɪt ɪkˈɑːnəmi/
noun
an economic system in which private businesses determine production, prices, and salaries not the government
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Examples

1These were the so-called yeoman farmers who lived self-sufficiently, raised their own food, and purchased very little in the Market Economy.
earnings
/ˈɝnɪŋz/
noun
money received for work done or services provided
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Examples

1If I'm paying $10 today for $2 of earnings in 2009, the Price to Earnings of 5 for Company A. Well, for Company B, it's a Price to Earnings 20 divided by 4.
2Challenging and American Airlines Ceo Doug Parker said during an EARNINGS call that testing is UNNECESSARY because Domestic Nights are SAFE.
3The CLOROX president confirming in a company EARNINGS call they will not be able to restock the sought after CLEANING products until NEXT year.
4Rebecca, Goldman Sachs said they expected ZERO earnings growth for AMERICAN companies
5The next tab over from the Charts tab is the Earnings tab.
incentive
/ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv/, /ˌɪnˈsɛntɪv/
noun
a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific
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Examples

1Innovation follows incentives.
2Motivation came through incentives.
3Incentives matter.
4The other tool is incentives.
5Incentives start the habit.
to hoard
/ˈhɔɹd/
verb
to gather and store a large supply of food, money, etc., usually somewhere secret
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Examples

1Initially, consumers hoarded items like rice, beans and frozen foods.
2- To hoard vaccines.
3The hoard is a symbol for a world beyond human control, like the tides, or the seasons, or new UWE Boll movies.
4So is hoarding food.
5Low key kinda hoard them.
extravagant
/ɛkˈstɹævəɡənt/
adjective
costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount
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Examples

1It's extravagant.
2She was extreme, extravagant.
3It’s very extravagant.
4This is extravagant!
5He's very extravagant.
to fluctuate
/ˈfɫəktʃəˌweɪt/
verb
to rise and fall continuously in amount, quality, size, etc.
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Examples

1Fluctuates means changes in level or amount.
2Fluctuates means changes in level or amount.
3Its sales price will fluctuate.
4Another reason behind hair thinning and loss is fluctuating thyroid and insulin levels.
5Fluctuating blood glucose results in rapid changes of mood.
to freeze
/ˈfɹiz/
verb
to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold
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Examples

1Freeze this frame.
2[dramatic music] Freeze this frame.
3Also, quiche freezes surprisingly well.
4Freeze the container.
5My chest is getting freeze.
to level out
verb
to reach a state of balance and stability after a time of rising or falling
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Examples

1We have leveled out now.
2The salt really leveled out.
3The ditch is going to level out.
4This can level out your blood pressure and cholesterol.
5Level out areas where excess water could collect.
fundraising
/ˈfənˌdɹeɪsɪŋ/
noun
the provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events
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Examples

1In the days before that, political parties did a lot of fundraising.
2Trump made that claim to the Annual National Republican Congressional Committee fundraising dinner.
3The people stepped up their fundraising efforts.
4Fundraising was not an easy task.
5We had done some fundraising for Governor Romney.
depression
/dɪˈpɹɛʃən/
noun
a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time
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Examples

1Too much black bile, for example, causes depression.
2Depression can really distort your perception about your future.
3Even famous people have depression, like Kristen Bell, the star of The Good Place.
4Depression came.
5For example, 25% of cancer patients experience depression.
equilibrium
/ˌikwəˈɫɪbɹiəm/
noun
a balanced state between opposing influences or powers
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Examples

1Equilibrium is restored.
2So equilibrium is this very involved thing.
3This seemingly innocent detail of my modeling technique threw up another equilibrium.
4So backward induction just gives us this equilibrium.
5Indeed, most people in the class played that equilibrium just now.
monopoly
/məˈnɑpəɫi/
noun
the total control of a business or of the supply of something, which makes other rivals unable to compete; a commodity or service that is controlled using this method
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Examples

1Monopolies stifle innovation.
2Of course these big tech companies are monopolies.
3Monopoly is a board game.
4So the public has shared its monopoly.
5Basically the monopolies have total market power.
merger
/ˈmɝdʒɝ/
noun
the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one
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Examples

1Tech mergers have faced particular scrutiny, especially in congressional hearings.
2The merger was a hit.
3And the mergers actually solved the other mystery, too.
4The merger fell through.
5Mergers just face too many difficulties and uncertainties.
donor
/ˈdoʊnɝ/
noun
someone or something that gives money, clothes, etc. to a charity for free
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Examples

1We compensate donors for their time and their commitment to the program.
2Donors actually get letters from the kids in the classroom.
3Do donors experience long-term after-effects?
4Living donors can spare one kidney, one lung, a piece of liver, pancreas, intestine, or stem cells.
5The donors provide post-conflict aid.
index
/ˈɪndɛks/
noun
a system that provides the amount of prices, costs, etc. so that one can compare them with their previous value
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Examples

1Unemployment rose, and a new economic statistic was born: the misery index, the combination of unemployment and inflation.
2Index funds include both index mutual funds and index exchange-traded funds, or ETFs.
3So out of 505 stocks, those 10 stocks sway the index more.
4This index tracks the implied volatility for the S&P 500 index options.
5Thirdly, index funds have very low fees.
portfolio
/pɔɹtˈfoʊɫiˌoʊ/
noun
a group of shares that a person or organization owns
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Examples

1So I put portfolios together.
2Portfolios are relevant in every field.
3Portfolios are relevant in every field.
4You now have a broader portfolio after a sojourn in Seattle in a similar job.
5So racism also had a tangible effect on his mortgage-- on his asset, sort of, portfolio.
NFC
noun
a technology that allows short-range data transfer between cell phones and other electronic devices to do things such as paying for a purchase, etc.
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Examples

1And, a high NFC also has some significant benefits.
2Turn on the NFC.
3So what's an NFC tag?
4The NFC coil comes off as well.
5Even the battery of Anna’s new smartphone contains an NFC chip.
buck
/ˈbək/
noun
one dollar
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Examples

1- Some people go buck wild.
2Now, 'bucks' is just an informal casual word for dollars.
3Radio has somehow kind of bucked the trend.
4In comparison, a company like Fairphone is bucking this trend.
5One amputation costs us five bucks.
nickel
/ˈnɪkəɫ/
noun
a five-cent coin of Canada and the US
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Examples

1Digital imaging might make a nickel.
2So it has nickel iron.
3And this color is representing the nickel.
4So we have this nickel right here
5So your faces are nickel chrome.
dime
/ˈdaɪm/
noun
a ten-cent coin of Canada and the US
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Examples

1Found another dime.
2So put another dime in the jukebox, baby.
3Here, take this dime!
4Place the dime in the center.
5Never got a dime.
peak
/ˈpik/
noun
the stage or point of highest quality, activity, success, intensity, etc.
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Examples

1Snow dusted peaks.
2Smartphones peaked then.
3The HIV epidemic peaked.
4North Sea oil and gas production peaked years ago.
5My career basically peaked here.
worthless
/ˈwɝθɫəs/
adjective
of no real value, use, or importance
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Examples

1So polls are worthless?
2The currency is worthless.
3Your class was worthless.
4Of course, though, space savings without adequate cooling is worthless.
5That front expiration expires worthless.
costly
/ˈkɑstɫi/, /ˈkɔstɫi/
adjective
costing much money, often more than one is willing to pay
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Examples

1Pensions and raw goods got too costly.
2Camel milk is costly.
3Credit is costly.
4Lapses of character are far more costly.
5Lapses of character are far more costly.
cut
/ˈkət/
noun
a share in something monetary
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Examples

1How can you cut the blob entirely into acute triangles and stop it from destroying the planet?
2[Crew Member] Cut the bun! -
3- Cut my toe nails too.
4- Cut your toe nails?
5This cheekbone could cut diamonds!
prepaid
/pɹiˈpeɪd/
adjective
already paid for
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Examples

1Then, when you're done, look: prepaid envelopes.
2And this is not an unlocked one, mind you, it is through a prepaid carrier.
3and then they give you a prepaid shipping package to ship them back so you're recycling your air pods
4So we could give this a name of various sorts, bearable prepaid forward contract, or whatever else.
5So I already prepaid it.
priceless
/ˈpɹaɪsɫəs/
adjective
of great value or importance
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Examples

1This work is priceless.
2The freedom is priceless.
3Life is priceless.
4The benefits of therapy are priceless.
5That baby's reaction is priceless.
to privatize
/ˈpɹɪvəˌtaɪz/
verb
to change the ownership of an industry, service, or business from public to private
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Examples

1Privatize it.
2Okay, privatizing the military.
3Privatizing eminent domain in the US.
4Under President Salinas, the government privatized Mexican banks.
5- We just privatize our sexuality.
quotation
/kwoʊˈteɪʃən/
noun
a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work
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Examples

1So here's a quotation from the article.
2The book has a lot of prayers, quotations from scripture.
3I actually have a quotation here.
4All quotations were adapted for this programme.
5I have a quotation here from my commenter, Jeremy Stein.
subsidy
/ˈsəbsɪdi/
noun
an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase
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Examples

1Direct subsidies are another issue.
2Two states, one metro area, but those states offer subsidies for job creation.
3You can give subsidies.
4Subsidies are available for people with low incomes.
5Externalized cost number one, subsidies to animal farmers.
tariff
/ˈtɛɹəf/
noun
a tax paid on goods imported or exported
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Examples

1Tariffs were completely boneheaded.
2Tariffs are really the big bazooka in the trade world.
3For the rest of 2018 the two countries would raise tariffs back and forth.
4He upped tariffs.
5Tariffs announced by the Trump administration.
accountancy
/əˈkaʊntənsi/
noun
an accountant's profession or tasks
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Examples

1Black folks were doing that little bit better in school now, but when you look at who working class black folk in Britain are particularly West Africans, were essentially comparing the Children of university educated West African civil servants who happened to have ended up in the hood because of discrimination, even though they've got degrees in engineering or accountancy or whatever is from back in Ghana and Nigeria.
2If someone has a natural aptitude for accountancy, it makes no sense for them to spend a considerable part of each day trying also to make cheese, to sew their own trousers or to learn to play violin sonatas.
3Well I spent the first few years of my career in accountancy.
4And that's one of the reasons why Arthur Andersen chose to launch Accenture rather than try to persuade the world that Andersen's could stand for something other than accountancy.
to back
/ˈbæk/
verb
to give emotional or financial support to someone or something
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Examples

1A lot of Scottish Americans go back to Scotland as tourists.
2Jake went back to his apartment.
3But in the afternoon, some customers come back.
4This is back when he was still mining in his spare time.
5In the lions' territory, The cubs' father arrives back from his sojourn.
to consolidate
/kənˈsɑɫɪˌdeɪt/
verb
to merge several financial accounts, debts, funds, into one
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Examples

1The entire health system was consolidating.
2Rather than overextend, the crusaders consolidated their position.
3This arrangement consolidated the east-west shipping route as the most important artery of world trade and one of the best indicators of the health of the world economy.
4He was consolidating power.
5And the evolution of banking in the nineteenth century further consolidates power.
to deposit
/dəˈpɑzɪt/, /dɪˈpɑzət/
verb
to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account
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Examples

1The coal deposits of Britain match deposits in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America.
2These beetle deposit their eggs in candlenut trees.
3MUHAMMAD YUNUS: Take deposits.
4- Deposit your bibs.
5- Deposited the majority of his intelligence.

Great!

You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!