archive
/ˈɑɹˌkaɪv/
noun
a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance
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Examples

1The archives has an extraordinary amount of primary source material about slavery and emancipation.
2Historians need archives.
3Archive your stuff.
4And the archive includes this absolutely wonderful collection of test phographs.
5Newspaper archive goes back to 1759, 58.1 million newspaper pages.
bibliography
/ˌbɪbɫiˈɑɡɹəfi/
noun
the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.
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Examples

1"Black Women in American," annotated bibliography by the anthropologist educator and future president of Spelman and Bennett colleges, Johnetta Cole.
2A bibliography would be much more useful.
3There's also a bibliography.
4So the 30 pages of bibliography are online.
5A true teacher, I say, who gives the bibliography at the end.
abolition
/ˌæbəˈɫɪʃən/
noun
the state of a law, system, or institution having been ended
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Examples

1So this afternoon's panel is on abolition.
2So abolition is presence, not absence.
3Abolition is part of that freedom fight.
4The abolition of slavery created a huge humanitarian crisis in the South.
5Abolition, then, is much more about abundance than absence.
battlefield
/ˈbætəɫˌfiɫd/
noun
an area where a battle is being or was fought
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Examples

1First and foremost, not every game needs a battlefield.
2Eventually, the whole group left the battlefield.
3In the 12th century, a new catapult technology from Asia dominates the battlefield.
4In the 12th century, a new catapult technology from Asia dominates the battlefields.
5Battlefields were no longer called the field of glory.
shield
/ˈʃiɫd/
noun
a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past
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Examples

1Shield off.
2Especially, shield your vulnerable head at all costs.
3Now Professor Coquillette referenced the controversy over the former Law School shield two years ago.
4This female walrus is shielding her pup.
5- So the Bannon and Manafort pardons might not actually shield those criminals.
spear
/ˈspɪɹ/
noun
a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past
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Examples

1Spears are right in your face.
2- Spear a pickle.
3Spear me your feelings!
4Spears admitted in the 2008 MTV documentary Britney:
5Spear the meat with fondue forks or skewers.
tomahawk
/ˈtɑməˌhɔk/
noun
a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool
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Examples

1And then you pull out your tomahawk.
2I got my own tomahawk, guys.
3- It's a Tomahawk.
4Short loins, bone-in ribeyes, Tomahawk steaks.
5In front of me I have two Tomahawk ribeyes.
bow
/ˈbaʊ/, /ˈboʊ/
noun
a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows
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Examples

1Japanese people just bow.
2Aha, bow flex machine.
3Eight hundred fifty false prophets, the prophets of Asherah, had to bow their knees.
4Bow your heads and pray.
5- Nun chuck skills, bow hunting skills, computer hacking skills.
dagger
/ˈdæɡɝ/
noun
a short weapon with a pointed blade
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Examples

1Inside of their togas, the conspirators hid daggers.
2Your daggers no longer have any physical purchase in the creature.
3- The dagger uses very little stamina.
4So daggers were pretty much a universal weapon on the medieval battlefield.
5- Daggers are good.
cannon
/ˈkænən/
noun
a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls
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Examples

1The male version had cannons at the side.
2Police, in turn, deployed water cannons.
3Firing main cannon.
4Cannon is shaking.
5Fire the cannons!
carriage
/ˈkæɹɪdʒ/, /ˈkɛɹədʒ/
noun
a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses
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Examples

1The carriage went quickly on.
2Number one, the gun carriage itself.
3He avoided carriages.
4Sixteen horses pulled the heavy carriage.
5Locals make such carriages in about 4 days.
chariot
/ˈtʃɛɹiət/
noun
a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing
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Examples

1Chariots were discarded, in favour of cavalry and infantry units.
2Chariot's coming.
3Chariot's coming.
4Chariot's coming.
5Chariot's coming.
dungeon
/ˈdəndʒən/
noun
an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle
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Examples

1Think dungeons, corporal punishment, and executions.
2The active player explores the dungeon.
3The dungeon is huge.
4Who built the dungeon?
5The dungeon master, dropped the mic on me.
fort
/ˈfɔɹt/
noun
a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area
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Examples

1The fort fell.
2Fort to make.
3- We built a fort. -
4Build a fort!
5Building a fort.
conqueror
/ˈkɑŋkɝɝ/
noun
someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens
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Examples

1The conquerors also married the princesses and other noble women they had raped as a ritual of domination.
2Hero conquerors villain.
3I conqueror.
4The conquerors exacted money, much money.
5They are conquerors, colonists and destroyers.
successor
/səkˈsɛsɝ/
noun
someone or something that succeeds another person or thing
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Examples

1Alexey’s oldest son, Feodor, was his successor.
2One of whom was Rick Scott's successor.
3But his successor, Dilma Rousseff, approved just 21.
4The direct-to-video successor made $300 million in VHS sales.
5The successor was Richard II - second son of the Black Prince.
reign
/ˈɹeɪn/
noun
the period that a monarch rules
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Examples

1The evil sorcerer still reigns!
2Bacteria reigns supreme ♪ ♪
3Cupcakes reign supreme in Washington, DC.
4The philosophy of mercantilism reigned supreme as the most persuasive theory of economics until the 9th of March 1776 the publication date of possibly the most important book in the history of the modern world.
5Three future kings, Sabium, Apil-Sin and Sin-muballit reigned over a subsequent half century of relative stability.
to crown
/ˈkɹaʊn/
verb
to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen
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Examples

1Her samba school was crowned champion 22 times.
2I love crowns.
3Uh, sway crown.
4The baby is crowning.
5The only real sharp part is that crown around their head.
peasant
/ˈpɛzənt/
noun
a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries
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Examples

1No, I love peasants.
2Peasants joined the army.
3What you need, peasant?
4The vast majority of the population are peasants.
5Do all peasants eat that garbage?
primitive
/ˈpɹɪmətɪv/, /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/
adjective
characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution
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Examples

1Primitive humans don't do manners.
2Human beings were pretty primitive back then.
3Here in the Boyaca region, the method of coal mining is primitive.
4They also have primitive areas.
5The work as an apprentice was very primitive.
datable
/dˈeɪɾəbəl/
adjective
able to be dated to a specific time
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Examples

1Number two, is it datable?
2Some of the oldest known paintings, datable to around 30,000 BCE, can be found in the Chauvet Cave in southeastern France.
3Looking at this super legit and highly valid online survey, it appears that surgeons are in fact the most attractive type of doctor, with 36% of women and 25% of men picking surgeons as the most datable type of medical professional.
4You find it in datable places and that's why we can give this some kind of date, such as in Egypt.
5She talks about other guys with you: If she’s asking about other guys and whether they are datable for her or not, chances are that she’s not interested in you.
prehistoric
/ˌpɹihɪˈstɔɹɪk/
adjective
related or belonging to the time before history was recorded
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Examples

1It's just rotted, prehistoric fish.
2And again, prehistoric animals win.
3[Narrator] The art and architecture at Gobekli Tepe is rewriting prehistoric archeology.
4In the foothills, away from the madness, prehistoric beasts emerge.
5Their lineage is prehistoric. -
ice age
/ˈaɪs ˈeɪdʒ/
noun
one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world
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Examples

1The Ice Age tundra could be an unforgiving place to live.
2This fearsome Ice Age cat, the size of a modern-day tiger, had a pair of fangs nearly 18 centimeters long.
3That's just after the Ice Age.
4The Ice Age came.
5When Ice Age came out, because Sid, the sloth.
stone age
/stˈoʊn ˈeɪdʒ/
noun
the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools
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Examples

1Normally in Stone Age, the youngest player goes first.
2Stone Age tribes in Papua, New Guinea, had a term for this.
3Weapons, that according to Haynes, Stone Age man possessed.
4The kids are playing Stone Age.
5Stone Age, that one's a huge win.
Bronze Age
/bɹˈɑːnz ˈeɪdʒ/
noun
the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools
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Examples

1And this brings up another feature of the ancient Near East in the late Bronze Age: warfare.
2But the Bronze Age also lasted for about 2000 years, or some 50 generations.
3The preservation of administrative data-- tax documents, receipts, wills, government orders, and so on-- have been characteristic of complex states since the Bronze Age.
4Prior to that, the Bronze Age, which is divided into these three periods.
5Now we can fast forward many thousands of years into the Bronze Age and beyond.
Iron Age
/ˈaɪɚn ˈeɪdʒ/
noun
the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time
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Examples

1This fortress, this Iron Age farm, the world's largest moose sculpture, this whaling museum, the Roald Amundsen and Edward Munch monuments and grave, the Kon Tiki museum, the Polaria Aquarium, the Æger viking-style brewery, the three swords monument, so many traditional stave churches.
2Additionally, not all Celtic speakers in the early Iron Age would have belonged to the Hallstatt culture.
3[Narrator] Archeologists believe these hilltop monuments are strong evidence of sun and sky worship during the Iron Age.
4This was the good life, Iron Age style.
5But David changed all of that, and he introduced the Iron Age to Israel.
golden age
/ɡˈoʊldən ˈeɪdʒ/
noun
a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past
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Examples

1The Golden Age for neon started around the 1970s.
2the Golden Age is at hand.
3Looking back down on Earth, Golden Age Islamic scholars made significant advancements in geography, as well as a very dear subject to Kings and Generals, cartography.
4Poets called it the Golden Age.
5For example, the nineteen thirties and forties were called the Golden Age of Radio.
medieval
/miˈdivəɫ/, /mɪˈdivəɫ/, /mɪdˈjivəɫ/
adjective
belonging or related to the Middle Ages, which was the period between the 5th and 15th centuries
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Examples

1Medieval people loved color, bright color, richness.
2This is not a medieval dogma.
3Like their modern counterparts, medieval diagrams demonstrate.
4Still, at least my car wasn't medieval.
5With hundreds of years of scribal practice behind them, medieval scribes had amassed a treasure chest of symbols.
Enlightenment
/ˌɛnˈɫaɪtənmənt/
noun
a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion
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Examples

1It is enlightenment.
2Share the enlightenment of the order with others.
3Enlightenment ideals center on four themes-- reason, science, humanism, and progress.
4What are the Enlightenment values and--
5So enlightenment in a way, is just a letting go.
civil war
/sˈɪvəl wˈɔːɹ/
noun
a war that is between people who are in the same country
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Examples

1In Yemen, for instance, a massive outbreak of cholera began in 2016 during a Civil War as the sewage system fell apart.
2Civil war broke out.
3The levels of violence by 1992 in KwaZulu-Natal, had already reached civil war proportions.
4Now, redistribution of the land means civil war.
5Yemen's civil war has long antecedents.
colonial
/kəˈɫoʊniəɫ/
adjective
characteristic of or related to a colony or colonialism
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Examples

1Unfortunately, the entry of the French turned a colonial rebellion into a world war.
2Colonial legislatures were not too excited by this idea for two reasons.
3What was this colonial lobby?
4Colonial wars, the involvement of the colonies in the two world wars, had major disease impacts.
5These ideologies like Blanqueamiento and Mestizaje are very much colonial.
imperial
/ˌɪmˈpɪɹiəɫ/
adjective
related to an empire, emperor, or empress
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Examples

1The shock of the incident destroyed the imperial family.
2I hate imperial.
3Imperial casualties were around 1 thousand.
4The imperials had 27 field artillery pieces, likely of a heavier caliber than those of the Swedes.
5Napoleon III wanted imperial splendor.
mythology
/məˈθɑɫəˌdʒi/
noun
a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.
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Examples

1Mythology is a complicated subject.
2The word 'narcissism' stems from Greek mythology.
3I love mythology too much.
4Remember your mythology?
5Meaning mythology.
industrial revolution
/ɪndˈʌstɹɪəl ɹˌɛvəlˈuːʃən/
noun
the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain
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Examples

1The Industrial Revolution did.
2one of the most exciting periods in history was the Industrial Revolution.
3The Industrial Revolution completely changed that story.
4Before the Industrial Revolution, people have a later breakfast and earlier supper.
5The Industrial Revolution, of course, had a huge impact on the clothing industry.
pharaoh
/ˈfeɪɹoʊ/, /ˈfɛɹoʊ/
noun
a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers
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Examples

1The true triumphs of Hatshepsut’s reign as pharaoh came from trade and construction.
2Okay, roll up on Pharaoh.
3He married a daughter of Pharaoh.
4Pharaoh represents fear.
5I'm the pharaoh.
archeology
/ˌɑɹkiˈɑɫədʒi/
noun
the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains
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Examples

1Archeology is my profession.
2So archeology occurs in interesting places.
3But in the process, archeology left the public behind.
4[Narrator] The art and architecture at Gobekli Tepe is rewriting prehistoric archeology.
5Oh you know, archeology.
bloodline
/ˈbɫədˌɫaɪn/
noun
all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person
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Examples

1Get that bloodline out of there.
2Bloodline revolves around the Rayburns, a large family residing in the Florida Keys.
3-This is our bloodline.
4And then the bloodline gets so incestuous.
5Bloodline will be released on May 3rd.
artifact
/ˈɑɹtəˌfækt/
noun
a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance
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Examples

1None of these have artifacts.
2- Artifacts love them.
3-Every artifact has a biography, of course.
4Today's word is artifact.
5But the Indus people also left behind artifacts with writing on them.
war-torn
/wˈɔːɹtˈɔːɹn/
adjective
(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war
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Examples

1I worked in war-torn LIBERIA, POST conflict in 2008 to continue STALLING because that was easier than breaking their HEARTS.
2My first anniversary was spent in a war-torn COUNTRY, in IRAQ.
ranged weapon
/reɪnʤd ˈwɛpən/
noun
any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

Examples

melee weapon
/ˈmɛleɪ ˈwɛpən/
noun
a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range
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Examples

1The problem with taking Omni-Man on with any kind of melee weapon, even if you have super-strength yourself, is that his experience and combat training puts him at a clear advantage.
2Delsin wages war on the Department of Unified Protection's soldiers with his smoke powers, other powers yet to be revealed, and a chain-like melee weapon that seems to take the place of Cole's Amp.
3Movement is lightning fast and incredibly versatile, and every gun and melee weapon feels unique.
machete
/məˈʃɛˌti/, /məˈtʃɛˌti/
noun
a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees
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Examples

1Every Foley stage probably has a machete.
2- Got the machetes.
3- Come on, machete!
4Others are sharpening their machetes.
5- I outta carry a machete next time.
spartan
/ˈspɑɹtən/
adjective
relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people
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Examples

1The Athenians can’t match the formidable Spartan army on land.
2On the day of their birth, elder Spartan leaders examined every newborn.
3Spartan girls lived at home with their mothers as they attended school.
4She had a spartan upbringing.
5She had a spartan upbringing.

Great!

You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!