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archipelago
/ˌɑɹkəˈpɛɫəˌɡoʊ/, /ˌɑɹtʃəpəˈɫeɪˌɡoʊ/
noun
a large collection of islands or the sea surrounding them
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swamp
/ˈswɑmp/, /ˈswɔmp/
noun
an area of land that is covered with water or is always very wet
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reservoir
/ˈɹɛzəvˌwɑɹ/, /ˈɹɛzɝvˌwɑɹ/
noun
a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses
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precipice
/ˈpɹɛsəpəs/
noun
a steep or near-vertical face of a cliff or mountain, often with a significant drop
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peninsula
/pəˈnɪnsəɫə/
noun
a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land
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pinnacle
/ˈpɪnəkəɫ/
noun
the highest point or summit of a mountain
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brook
/ˈbɹʊk/
noun
a small, natural watercourse or stream; typically characterized by a gentle and continuous flow
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deposit
/dəˈpɑzɪt/, /dɪˈpɑzət/
noun
a layer of matter that has been accumulated, particularly by a body of water
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equatorial
/ˌikwəˈtɔɹiəɫ/
adjective
regarding conditions situated near the earth's equator; marked by warm temperatures and relatively equal day and night lengths throughout the year
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glacial
/ˈɡɫeɪʃəɫ/
adjective
relating to a large mass of compressed ice like those near the poles or on mountains
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moorland
/ˈmʊɹˌɫænd/
noun
an open and high land covered with grass, bushes and heather
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terrain
/tɝˈeɪn/
noun
an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features
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wharf
/wɔɹf/
noun
a structure built along the water's edge; often with a platform for ships to load and unload goods
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vale
/ˈveɪɫ/
noun
a low-lying piece of land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it
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arid
/ˈæɹəd/, /ˈɛɹəd/
adjective
(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain
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cascade
/kæˈskeɪd/
noun
a small steep waterfall, usually one of several others
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levee
/ˈɫɛvi/
noun
a natural or man-made structure built along a river or waterway to prevent flooding by confining the water within its boundaries
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canopy
/ˈkænəpi/
noun
the upper layer of trees in a forest that creates a dense cover with interlocking leaves; offering shade and shelter in the ecosystem
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flora
/ˈfɫɔɹə/
noun
communities of plant life native to a specific area or period
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foliage
/ˈfoʊɫiɪdʒ/, /ˈfoʊɫɪdʒ/
noun
a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively
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fungus
/ˈfəŋɡəs/
noun
a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms
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perennial
/pɝˈɛniəɫ/
adjective
enduring for three seasons or longer; persisting throughout the years
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to pollinate
/ˈpɑɫəˌneɪt/
verb
to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit
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sapling
/ˈsæpɫɪŋ/
noun
a small and young tree
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shoot
/ˈʃut/
noun
a new growth on a tree or plant; the part of a plant that starts to appear above the ground because it is growing
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to sprout
/ˈspɹaʊt/
verb
(of a seed or plant) to begin growing
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biodegradable
/ˌbaɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbəɫ/
adjective
(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment
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to contaminate
/kənˈtæməˌneɪt/
verb
to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material
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ecological
/ɛkəˈɫɑdʒɪkəɫ/, /ikəˈɫɑdʒɪkəɫ/
adjective
related to the connection between animals, plants, and humans and their environment
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effluent
/ˈɛfɫuənt/
noun
sewage or liquid waste discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea
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zero-emission
/zˈiəɹoʊɪmˈɪʃən/
adjective
(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment
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low-impact
/lˈoʊˈɪmpækt/
adjective
in relation to activities that minimize disruption to ecosystems; emphasizing sustainability and reduced ecological footprint
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flurry
/ˈfɫɝi/
noun
a small amount of rain, snow, etc. that moves in a quick and whirling way and lasts only for a short period of time
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gale
/ˈɡeɪɫ/
noun
a very powerful wind
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horizon
/hɝˈaɪzən/
noun
the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other
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monsoon
/mɑnˈsun/
noun
a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries
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thaw
/ˈθɔ/
noun
a period during which the weather becomes warmer causing snow and ice to melt
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arable
/ˈæɹəbəɫ/
adjective
having the capacity to be used to grow crops
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cultivation
/ˌkəɫtɪˈveɪʃən/
noun
(agriculture) the deliberate and systematic act of nurturing of plants, crops, or skills; often involving careful attention, development, and improvement
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