aeon
/ˈiːɑːn/
noun
an endless or lengthy period of time
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Examples

1The process takes aeons.
2The titular Aeon is an assassin, locked in eternal war between the anarchic country of Monica and the ruthlessly ordered nation of Bregna.
3Indeed, Aeon looks startlingly natural when placed beside Tommy Pickles and cartoons like The Wild Thornberrys that carried on its aesthetic legacy.
4Faced with losing his life, the poor wretch recognises that every minute could be turned into aeons of time, with sufficient imagination and appreciation.
5To counter our tendencies to exaggerate and panic, we need to meditate on our utter insignificance when measured against aeons of time and space.
perpetual
/pɝˈpɛtʃuəɫ/
adjective
continuing uninterrupted that seems to last forever
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Examples

1A million miles away, the Dscovr spacecraft faces perpetual noon.
2The assets were divisible, transferable, perpetual.
3The law is perpetual transmutation of energy.
4You get perpetual nighttime.
5And the result is sort of gratifyingly perpetual.
spasmodic
/spæzˈmɔdɪk/
adjective
occurring in spells and often abruptly
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Examples

1A civil war, as my colleague David Armitage has recently and brilliantly explained, is in many ways cast is the opposite of a revolution, an expression of spasmodic violence with unpredictable and usually negative consequences, distinctly unprogressive, unrighteous, a slipping backwards into atavism and barbarism, rather than a new beginning.
2I think that coherent philosophy that he had was you know unifying for people and in the absence of such a philosophy you have which I said in the introduction to the book you have vague emotions and spasmodic impulses.
3The novelist, Anthony Trollope once said, a small daily task, if it be really daily, will beat the labors of a spasmodic Hercules.
4Throughout continental Europe, and indeed in Scotland also, the result of these beliefs was that the main driving force behind the spasmodic witch hunts which can be found in the period was probably religious zeal, and the great witch hunts which would be found scattered across Europe died back only when the judges came to doubt the reality of that stereotype of the witch and came to doubt the notion that witchcraft was an organized cult threatening to Christian society.
5half shrieked Ligeia, leaping to her feet and extending her arms aloft with a spasmodic movement, as I made an end of these lines—"O God!
solstice
/ˈsɔɫstɪs/
noun
either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator
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Examples

1The next stage of Stonehenge's turbulent history is just a solstice away.
2Long ago, our ancestors celebrated the birth of the sun god during winter solstice.
3The word solstice comes from Latin
4They take solstice very seriously.
5The summer solstice is about June 21.
bicentenary
/baɪˈsɛntɪˌnɛɹi/
noun
the 200th anniversary (or the celebration of it)
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Examples

1This bicentenary coincides with another important milestone.
2And it's the Bicentenary of Charles Darwin.
centenary
/ˈsɛntəˌnɛɹi/
noun
the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it)
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Examples

1I Centenary is just so hot right now, I can't miss out on it.
2And when I spoke at the centenary, I asked my friends from Germany, they actually reconstructed it and put it in a computer.
3And, so, in 1889, the year of the centenary of the French Revolution, here is the Czar of Russia showing up in Paris and being welcomed enthusiastically.
4I know all this because the commemoration of the centenary has just taken place.
5Emmanuel Macron marked the centenary of the end of the first world war with a tour of the battlegrounds on which the war was fought.
diurnal
/daɪˈɝnəɫ/
adjective
having a daily cycle or occurring every day
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Examples

1A second species of termite avoids these diurnal dangers by staying indoors.
2And the bearded dragon is a diurnal species.
3These are actually diurnal lizards who are probably catching him just as he is headed up into the trees for the night.
4Remember the wind aloft doesn't feel the diurnal cycle very much.
5There's a bit of a diurnal cycle in temperature.
epoch
/ˈɛpək/, /ˈipək/
noun
a unit of geological time that is a subdivision of a period and is itself divided into ages
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Examples

1What is an epoch?
2Previous geological epochs were defined by, say, continental drift or a great ice age.
3A new epoch will open in world history.
4During the Pleistocene epoch, the mega beasts dominated the four corners of the earth from North America to New Zealand.
5And a conjunction, brings about an epoch shift.
equinox
/ˈikwəˌnɑks/
noun
either of two times of the year when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator and day and night are of equal length
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Examples

1The spring equinox happens around March 21.
2The equinoxes: the day when there’s equal day and night.
3He went into Equinox?
4These days are called equinoxes - from the Latin
5The equinoxes signal a change in seasons.
to elapse
/ɪˈɫæps/
verb
(of time) to pass by
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Examples

1About six hours have elapsed since the X7 began in the body shop.
2Now, by the way, about four minutes has elapsed here.
3The elapsed time between events depends on the motion of the observer.
4Not, until the term of the elected President shall elapse.
5Long years have since elapsed, and my memory is feeble through much suffering.
millennial
/mɪˈɫɛniəɫ/
adjective
marking or denoting a time span of a thousand years
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Examples

1Millennials have less financial confidence than the generation before us.
2And millennials now pay over 45% of their pre-tax income on housing costs alone!
3Millennials love texting.
4Millennials eat nuggets.
5Millennials play a mean zero-sum game.
GMT
/dʒˌiːˌɛmtˈiː/
noun
the time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe
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Examples

1The GMT face shows multiple time zones at once and takes into account where you are.
2The GMT face shows multiple time zones at once and takes into account where you are.
3So, it has a 24-hour movement, just like a GMT.
4So the system of time was based from Greenwich Mean Time or GMT.
5So the system of time was based from Greenwich Mean Time or GMT.
eventual
/əˈvɛntʃuəɫ/, /iˈvɛntʃuəɫ/
adjective
happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time
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Examples

1For that matter, so did eventual peers John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, and James Mellon.
2But an incredibly rocky path came before Rowling's eventual success.
3The costly damage contributed to the eventual cancellation of the scheme.
4So obviously the underlying tone in this type of a style of relationship is eventual demise.
5In addition to Pitt, and Courteney Cox's eventual husband David Arquette, Matthew Perry's father John Bennett Perry made a brief cameo in Season 4.
in due course
/ɪn dˈuː kˈoːɹs/
adverb
at the appropriate time

Examples

to wane
/ˈweɪn/
verb
(of the moon) have a progressively less significant part of its seeable surface illuminated so that it seems to reduce in size
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Examples

1His second term, his power really waned.
2My confidence is waning.
3My confidence is waning.
4My confidence is waning.
5Still, his competitive spirit never waned.
twilight
/ˈtwaɪˌɫaɪt/
noun
the time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon
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Examples

1Twilight turns this beam directly on Dding.
2Is this Twilight?
3- Here's the Twilight book.
4It's twilight.
5Its rapid surge was all thanks to Twilight.
stratospheric
/ˌstɹætəsˈfɪɹɪk/
adjective
*** ‌(specialist) in the layer of the earth's atmosphere between about 10 and 50 kilometres above the surface of the earth
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Examples

1The process is called stratospheric aerosol injection.
2It was a stratospheric cocktail party.
3And then the other problem is stratospheric ozone.
4We'll do the stratospheric ozone problem.
5And one solution in the middle of that spectrum is stratospheric aerosol injection.
space-time
/ˈspeɪˌstaɪm/
noun
the Theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space
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Examples

1So philosophers call them space-time worms.
2Together, they form a space-time continuum.
3Together, they're space-time.
4Space-time remains flat.
5So, this is space-time.
orbital
/ˈɔɹbətəɫ/
adjective
of or relating to an orbit
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Examples

1We call these regions "orbitals."
2What's an orbital?
3An orbital is a one-electron wave function.
4Orbitals are a fiction, except for one-electron problems.
5The plus charge will lower orbitals.
nebula
/ˈnɛbjəɫə/
noun
a massive cloud of gas and dust in deep space that often appears very bright and can be seen in the sky at night
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Examples

1We are as much the universe as a neutron star or a black hole or a nebula.
2Nebula features lots of YouTube's top educationalist creators like Lindsay Ellis, Thomas Frank, and Charl the Coconut the coconut with his sidekick Patrick Willems.
3Nebula features lots of YouTube's top educational-ish creators, like our newest additions, Adam Neely, Charles Cornell, and Mary Spender.
4Nebula features lots of YouTube's top educational-ish creators, like Thomas Frank, Knowing Better, Hbomberguy, and TierZoo, as well as tons of others.
5Nebula features lots of YouTube's top educational creators, like Knowing Better, Hbomberguy, Real Engineering, Tier Zoo, and tons of others.
umbra
/ˈəmbɹə/
noun
a region of complete shadow resulting from total obstruction of light
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Examples

1When the umbra touches the Earth, we get a total solar eclipse.
2The umbra is gone, but you’re still in the penumbral shadow.
3Finally, the Moon starts to enter the Earth’s umbra, and the real eclipse begins.
4A lunar eclipse, also a rare event, is the exact opposite of a solar eclipse, when the moon goes directly behind the Earth, into the umbra.
5In a typical total solar eclipse, the umbra moves across the globe from west to east, lasting only about 7.5 minutes.
to wax
/ˈwæks/
verb
(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon
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Examples

1She quickly puts some wax on the scales.
2Paraffin wax is a common wax made from petroleum.
3Paraffin wax is a common wax made from petroleum.
4When the lamp is off, the wax is slightly denser than the liquid around it.
5- I'm about to get my chest waxed.
meteoroid
/mˈiːɾɪˌoːɹɔɪd/
noun
a small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth
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Examples

1A meteoroid is a small piece of comet or asteroid.
2On meteoroids, or comets or other bodies originating in the outer solar system.
3So it's meteoroid, meteor, meteorite.
4Luckily, most meteoroids burn up before they reach the ground.
5Like a meteoroid hit that mother effer and he gone.
meteorite
/ˈmitiɔˌɹaɪt/
noun
a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth
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Examples

1Yay meteorites and?
2Most meteorites have the metal iron in them.
3Most meteorites are still pretty small
4Number three: meteorite sells for 14000.
5Meteorites can fetch serious money.
meteor
/ˈmitiɝ/
noun
a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light
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Examples

1I already punched meteor back into space.
2Meteor showers aren’t dangerous.
3But meteors aren’t stars at all!
4We have a meteor.
5Every meteor strike would push a part of the sphere toward the star.
magnetic storm
/mæɡnˈɛɾɪk stˈoːɹm/
noun
a sudden disturbance of the earth's magnetic field; caused by emission of particles from the sun

Examples

intergalactic
/ˌɪntɚɡɐlˈæktɪk/
adjective
between or among galaxies
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Examples

1You violate intergalactic space!
2Curse you, intergalactic grammatics!
3Think flamethrowers, watchtowers, and intergalactic operations as all part of the picture.
4It’s an intergalactic masterpiece!
5What secrets could our intergalactic friends share?
interplanetary
/ˌɪntɝˈpɫænəˌtɛɹi/
adjective
between or among planets
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Examples

1So IKAROS means interplanetary kite-craft acceleration.
2The Moon could be an interplanetary gas station!
3You can find Delta V maps for real interplanetary travel pretty much anywhere on the internet.
4It’s a kind of interplanetary pool.
5It's an interplanetary journey.
interstellar
/ˌɪntɝˈstɛɫɝ/
adjective
between or among stars
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Examples

1"Interstellar" has a fascinating history of birth.
2So interstellar telegrams are cheap.
3Docking a spacecraft, "Interstellar."
4Every now and then, a random interstellar asteroid passes through the Oort cloud, the wall of icy debris at the very edge of our Solar System.
5The probes reached interstellar space in 2012.
hyperspace
/ˌhaɪpɝˈspeɪs/
noun
(specialist) space that consists of more than three dimensions
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Examples

1Black holes might be suitable for hyperspace travel after all.
2I know they say hyperspace
3The throttle is a hyperspace button.
4[Woman] Which franchise uses hyperspace travel? - Ding-a-ling-a-ling!
5[Woman] I said hyperspace.
extraterrestrial
/ˌɛkstɹətɝˈɛstɹiəɫ/
adjective
originating or located or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere
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Examples

1Gold is extraterrestrial.
2Extraterrestrial beings inhabit this place.
3The pod people infiltrators and Audrey 2 are all extraterrestrial threats.
4For my trippers, extraterrestrial life provides some reassuring answers.
5First extraterrestrials could be simple bacteria.
exoplanet
/ɛɡzˈɑːplɐnˌɛt/
noun
extrasolar planet; a planet that is outside the solar system
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Examples

1Super-Earths are exoplanets more massive than Earth and less massive than a planet like Uranus or Neptune.
2Exoplanets provide the staging ground for colonial encounters.
3Lava planets are exoplanets.
4An exoplanet is a planet outside our Solar System.
5So, observing exoplanets.
dark matter
/dˈɑːɹk mˈæɾɚ/
noun
(physics) material existing in space that reflects no light, based on some theories
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Examples

1Physicists believe that rope is the gravitational force from stuff we can't see - hence, Dark Matter.
2Recently I listened to an absolutely amazing Sci-fi thriller called Dark Matter by Blake Crouch.
3And they could be a part of Dark Matter, component of dark matter.
4Inspired by these existing questions about the milky way, I’m working on the Dark Matter quiz.
5I recommend checking out "The Hunt for Dark Matter."
cosmic dust
/kˈɑːzmɪk dˈʌst/
noun
clouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space

Examples

corona
/kɝˈoʊnə/
noun
the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse
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Examples

1Excuse me sir, my name is corona.
2- She definitely has corona?
3- I did get corona.
4So, the name of the virus and the beer is 'Corona'.
5Forget corona.
comet
/ˈkɑmət/
noun
an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail
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Examples

1Comets are big, apparently.
2But comets have tails.
3Today's word is comet.
4Comets are a tougher act.
5Comets are very much like asteroids.
aurora australis
/ɐɹˈoːɹə ɔːstɹˈɑːliz/
noun
the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole
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Examples

1That’s what’s happening when you see the Northern and Southern Lights, or the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis, respectively.
2There they are called the Aurora australis.
aurora borealis
/ɐɹˈoːɹə bˌoːɹɪˈælɪs/
noun
the colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole
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Examples

1In the late 1800s his home was the magnetic north pole centered under the aurora borealis.
2This spectacle is called aurora borealis or the Northern Lights, mostly seen in the vicinity of the poles of our planet.
3These lights in the sky are called the Aurora Borealis or the Northern Lights.
4He was the one who named the Aurora Borealis.
5As a result, the blanket of darkness may be disrupted by the aurora borealis, or the Northern Lights.
constellation
/ˌkɑnstəˈɫeɪʃən/
noun
a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape
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Examples

1The dead serpent’s remains became the Hydra constellation.
2We have a whole constellation of interactions in a cell.
3And everyone-- we all have our different constellations.
4Satellite constellations are not the only inhabitants of Earth’s orbit.
5Constellation pumpkins.
biosphere
/ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪɹ/
noun
the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist
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Examples

1What is the biosphere?
2Biosphere 1 is Earth.
3The Earth’s biosphere is technically a closed system.
4So the connection here is primarily to the biosphere.
5The biosphere is the size of the Earth.

Great!

You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!