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epidermis
/ˌɛpəˈdɝməs/
noun
(anatomy) the outer layer of the skin that overlays the dermis
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dermis
/ˈdɝməs/
noun
the layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue
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hypodermis
/hˌaɪpədˈɜːmɪs/
noun
the deepest layer of the skin that contains fat cells, blood vessels, and nerves
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stratum basale
/stɹˈɑːɾəm bˈæseɪl/
noun
the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed
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stratum spinosum
/stɹˈɑːɾəm spˈɪnɑːsəm/
noun
a layer of the epidermis (outermost layer of the skin) composed of keratinocytes that play a role in the skin's barrier function and provide structural support to the skin
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stratum granulosum
/stɹˈɑːɾəm ɡɹˈænuːlˌɑːsəm/
noun
a layer of the epidermis characterized by granular cells that produce keratin
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stratum lucidum
/stɹˈɑːɾəm luːsˈɪdəm/
noun
a translucent layer of the epidermis found in thick skin regions of the body
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stratum corneum
/stɹˈɑːɾəm kɔːɹnˈiːəm/
noun
the outermost layer of the skin consisting of dead cells forming a protective barrier
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papillary dermis
/pˈæpɪlɚɹi dˈɜːmiz/
noun
the top layer of the skin's second layer (dermis) and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, contributing to the skin's structure and sensitivity to touch
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reticular dermis
/ɹɛtˈɪkjʊlɚ dˈɜːmiz/
noun
the bottom layer of the skin's dermis that gives the skin strength, elasticity, and contains structures like sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels
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sweat duct
/swˈɛt dˈʌkt/
noun
a small tubular structure that carries sweat from the sweat glands to the skin's surface
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keratinocyte
/kˌɛɹɐtˈɪnəsˌaɪt/
noun
a type of skin cell that produces the protein keratin, which is an important component of the epidermis (outermost layer of the skin)
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melanocyte
/mɛlˈænəsˌaɪt/
noun
a skin cell responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that determines skin, hair, and eye color
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langerhans cell
/lˈæŋɡɚhənz sˈɛl/
noun
a type of immune cell found in the skin's epidermis that plays a role in defending against foreign substances and pathogens, helping to regulate the immune response in the skin
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Merkel cell
/mˈɜːkəl sˈɛl/
noun
a specialized cell found in the skin's epidermis that is involved in the perception of touch and pressure, serving as sensory receptors
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hair follicle
/hˈɛɹ fˈɑːlɪkəl/
noun
a small structure in the skin that produces and supports the growth of hair
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subcutaneous fat
/sˌʌbkjuːtˈeɪniəs fˈæt/
noun
the layer of fat beneath the skin that provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage in the body
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cuticle
/ˈkjutəkəɫ/, /ˈkjutɪkəɫ/
noun
a layer of dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail
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foreskin
/ˈfoʊɹˌskɪn/
noun
a protective fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis in males or the clitoral hood in females
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scalp
/ˈskæɫp/
noun
the skin under one's hair, covering the head
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