animal

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Insect refers to a diverse group of arthropods characterized by their three-part body structure, including the head, thorax, and abdomen, as well as three pairs of jointed legs. They are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on Earth, with over one million known species. Insects are found in virtually every habitat on the planet, from the depths of the oceans to the tops of the highest mountains. They play important ecological roles as pollinators, decomposers, predators, and prey. Some insects are considered pests because they damage crops and spread diseases, while others are beneficial because they help control pest populations or provide valuable products such as honey, silk, and dyes.

What is "insect"?

insect

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A bee is a flying insect known for its role in pollination and honey production. It has a robust body covered in fine hairs, with two pairs of wings and specialized pollen-collecting structures called pollen baskets. Bees are social insects that live in colonies, with a queen, workers, and drones. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by transferring pollen from one flower to another, aiding in the reproduction of plants. Bees are also known for their ability to produce honey by collecting nectar from flowers and converting it into a sweet, viscous substance stored in honeycombs. They are highly organized and communicate through complex dances and pheromones. Bees are important pollinators of many agricultural crops and contribute significantly to biodiversity and food production.

What is a "bee"?

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A butterfly is a beautiful insect belonging to the order Lepidoptera, characterized by its vibrant colors and delicate wings. It undergoes a remarkable transformation from a caterpillar into an adult butterfly through the process of metamorphosis. Butterflies are known for their graceful flight and their important role in pollination as they feed on nectar from flowers. They are found in diverse habitats worldwide, including meadows, gardens, and forests. Butterflies are often associated with symbols of change, beauty, and freedom, captivating the admiration of people of all ages. They serve as a reminder of the ephemeral nature of life and the wonders of the natural world.

What is a "butterfly"?

butterfly

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A mosquito is a small flying insect known for its annoying bites and ability to transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. Found in various habitats around the world, female mosquitoes require blood meals to reproduce, while males primarily feed on plant nectar. Their buzzing sound and itchy bites make them a nuisance to humans, and their role as disease vectors poses a significant health risk.

What is a "mosquito"?

mosquito

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A spider is a small arachnid with eight legs and a body divided into two segments: the cephalothorax and the abdomen. It is known for its ability to spin silk webs to catch prey, and many species are venomous. Spiders are found in various habitats worldwide and play a crucial role in controlling insect populations.

What is a "spider"?

spider

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A wasp is an insect characterized by its slender body, narrow waist, and two pairs of wings. They are known for their stinging ability and can vary in size, shape, and color depending on the species. Wasps are social insects and often build nests, where they live and raise their offspring. While some species are beneficial as they prey on other insects, others can be pests and pose a threat to humans due to their stings.

What is a "wasp"?

wasp

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farm animal

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bull

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A chicken, a domesticated bird of the Gallus gallus species, is widely recognized for its culinary and agricultural significance. Raised for its meat, eggs, and feathers, chickens are one of the most commonly consumed poultry species worldwide. They are characterized by their compact bodies, covered in feathers of various colors and patterns, and their distinct beaks and wattles. Chickens are primarily ground-dwelling birds, but they are also capable of limited flight. They exhibit a social hierarchy within their flocks and communicate through a range of vocalizations, including clucking and crowing. Known for their ability to adapt to diverse environments, chickens are highly valued for their productivity and nutritional benefits.

What is a "chicken"?

chicken

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A cow is a large mammal that belongs to the family Bovidae and is commonly used for milk and meat production. Cows are known for their distinctive appearance, with a stout body, four legs, and a large head adorned with horns in some species. They are herbivorous animals that typically graze on grasses and other vegetation. Cows are domesticated animals and have been selectively bred by humans for various purposes, including milk production, beef production, and as draft animals. They are widely distributed across the world and are an important source of food and livelihood for many human populations. Cows are also revered in some cultures and have cultural and religious significance in various traditions. Cows are known for their docile nature and their ability to form strong social bonds with other members of their herd.

What is a "cow"?

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Goats are domesticated animals known for their versatility, hardiness, and unique characteristics. They are typically raised for their milk, meat, fiber (such as cashmere, mohair, or Angora), and as companion animals. Goats come in various sizes, breeds, and coat colors, and they are known for their distinctive horns, beards, and playful personalities. Goats are ruminant animals that are adapted to graze on a wide range of vegetation, making them well-suited to different environments and climates. They are social animals that can form strong bonds with their human caretakers, and they are known for their agility, curiosity, and ability to thrive in challenging conditions. Goats have been domesticated for thousands of years and have a long history of providing food, fiber, and companionship to humans around the world.

What is a "goat"?

goat

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The horse is a large, herbivorous mammal known for its long legs, flowing mane, and powerful physique, with a history of domestication by humans for thousands of years for various purposes such as transportation, agriculture, and sports. Horses come in various breeds, sizes, and colors, and are known for their speed, strength, and endurance. They are social animals that typically live in herds and communicate through body language and vocalizations. Horses have played a significant role in human history and continue to be valued for their companionship, work, and recreational activities such as riding, racing, and showing.

What is a "horse"?

horse

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The pig is a domesticated mammal known for its stout body, short legs, and distinctive snout. Pigs are highly intelligent and social animals, and they come in a variety of breeds and sizes. They are omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of plant and animal-based foods, and are known for their keen sense of smell and ability to root in the ground in search of food. Pigs have a reputation for being voracious eaters and can consume large quantities of food in a short period of time. They are also known for their prolific breeding, with sows capable of producing large litters of piglets. Pigs are commonly raised for meat production, with pork being a staple in many cuisines around the world. However, pigs are also kept as companion animals, show animals, and even as therapy animals in some cases. Pigs are known for their distinctive grunting vocalizations, and they are also known to be playful and curious animals. They have a keen sense of smell and are often used in search and rescue operations or as truffle hunters. Pigs have a complex social structure within their groups, and they are known to form strong bonds with their fellow group members.

What is a "pig"?

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Sheep are domesticated animals that are widely raised for their meat, milk, and wool. They are known for their fluffy coat of wool, which can come in various colors, and their docile nature. Sheep are herbivorous animals that graze on grass and other vegetation, and they have a unique digestive system that allows them to efficiently process plant material. They are social animals that often form tight-knit groups called flocks, and they are known for their strong flocking instincts. Sheep have been domesticated for thousands of years and are an important source of food, fiber, and other products for humans. They are also used in some cultures for religious or cultural purposes, and they are often depicted symbolically in various forms of art and literature.

What is a "sheep"?

sheep

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wild

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Bats are fascinating mammals known for their ability to fly and their unique adaptations for nocturnal life. They are found all over the world, with over 1,400 known species, making them one of the most diverse groups of mammals. Bats have elongated fingers and thin membranes of skin known as wings that allow them to fly with great agility and precision. They have excellent echolocation abilities, using high-pitched sounds to navigate and locate prey in the dark. Bats have a varied diet, with some species feeding on insects, fruits, nectar, or even blood in the case of vampire bats. They play important roles in ecosystems as pollinators, seed dispersers, and pest controllers. Bats are unique creatures with fascinating adaptations for their nocturnal lifestyle and vital ecological roles, making them a key part of the animal kingdom.

What is a "bat"?

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Bears are large, powerful mammals with shaggy fur and a distinctive snout. They have a reputation for being fierce and dangerous, but they are also known for their intelligence and strength. There are several species of bears, including the grizzly, black bear, and polar bear, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats. Bears are omnivorous, meaning they eat both meat and plants, and they have a keen sense of smell which they use to locate food. They are also skilled climbers and swimmers, and are able to adapt to a wide range of environments, from dense forests to arctic tundras.

What is a "bear"?

bear

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Bird refers to a diverse group of warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by feathers, beaks, wings, and the ability to lay eggs. They are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth, from the Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests. There are over 10,000 known species of birds, ranging in size from tiny hummingbirds to large ostriches. They are adapted to a wide range of feeding habits, including carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous diets. Birds are also known for their unique songs, which they use for communication and mate attraction. They play important ecological roles, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control. Many species of birds are also kept as pets or hunted for food or sport.

What is "bird"?

bird

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Camels are large, even-toed ungulates with distinctive features such as humps on their back and a long, curved neck. They are found in the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. Camels are well adapted to desert life, with their thick fur and padded feet that help them move easily on sand. They are also able to go for long periods without water, as they can store it in their humps. Camels have been domesticated for thousands of years and are used for transportation, meat, milk, and wool. They are known for their calm and placid temperament, and their ability to withstand harsh environments.

What is a "camel?"

camel

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A crocodile is a large aquatic reptile with a long snout, powerful jaws, and a heavily armored body. They are excellent swimmers and are known for their stealthy nature and ambush-hunting style. Crocodiles are apex predators and can be found in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, and swamps. They are well-adapted to their environment and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

What is a "crocodile"?

crocodile

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deer

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An elephant is a large, majestic mammal with a distinctive, elongated nose called a trunk that can be used for a variety of purposes, such as grasping objects, drinking water, and communication. Elephants are known for their incredible size and strength, with adult males weighing up to six tons and standing over 13 feet tall. They are also known for their intelligence, with the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors and exhibit behaviors that suggest empathy and self-awareness. Elephants are social animals that live in herds, with females and their young forming tight-knit family units led by a matriarch. They are herbivores and can consume up to 300 pounds of vegetation in a single day. Elephants are an important cultural symbol in many parts of the world and are also revered for their conservation status as endangered species.

What is an "elephant"?

elephant

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The giraffe is a tall and elegant mammal found in parts of Africa. It is known for its long neck, which can reach up to six feet in length, and distinctive spotted pattern. The giraffe is a herbivore, feeding on leaves from tall trees using its long tongue, which can measure up to 18 inches. Their long legs and necks also make them incredibly fast runners, able to reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour. Despite their size, giraffes are known for their gentle demeanor and peaceful nature. They often form groups called towers, and communicate with one another through a variety of sounds, including moans, grunts, and hisses. The giraffe is an iconic animal and a symbol of grace and beauty in the animal kingdom.

What is a "giraffe"?

giraffe

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The kangaroo is a large marsupial mammal native to Australia known for its distinctive hopping locomotion and powerful hind legs. Kangaroos are known for their iconic appearance, with a long tail, strong hind legs, and large feet adapted for hopping. They have a unique reproductive system where females carry their young, called joeys, in a pouch on their belly until they are fully developed. Kangaroos are herbivorous grazers, feeding on a diet of grasses and other vegetation. They are well adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions of Australia, with specialized physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow them to thrive in these environments. Kangaroos are known for their incredible jumping ability, with some species capable of reaching speeds of up to 35 miles per hour (56 kilometers per hour) and jumping distances of up to 25 feet (7.6 meters) in a single bound. They are also social animals, typically living in groups called mobs or troops, and are known for their unique reproductive and mating behaviors. Kangaroos are considered an important symbol of Australia's wildlife and are recognized worldwide for their unique appearance and behavior.

What is a "kangaroo"?

kangaroo

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The lion is a large, muscular carnivorous mammal known for its distinctive appearance, including a majestic mane in males. Lions are social animals that live in groups called prides, typically consisting of multiple females, their offspring, and a small number of males. They are known for their powerful roar, which can be heard from long distances. Lions are skilled hunters that primarily prey on large ungulates such as wildebeest, zebras, and buffalo, using their strength, speed, and teamwork to bring down their prey. They are also opportunistic scavengers and may steal kills from other predators. Lions are found in various habitats across Africa, with a small population of Asiatic lions in India. They are revered as symbols of strength, courage, and leadership, and have been featured in many cultures and religions throughout history.

What is a "lion"?

lion

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Monkeys are a type of primate known for their arboreal lifestyle, characterized by their ability to climb trees and swing from branches using their long limbs and prehensile tails. They are highly intelligent and social animals, with a wide range of species found across the world, from tropical rainforests to savannahs and mountains. Monkeys have diverse physical appearances, varying in size, coloration, and features depending on the species. They typically have grasping hands and feet, forward-facing eyes, and often exhibit complex social behaviors and communication skills. Monkeys are omnivorous, consuming a diet that includes fruits, leaves, seeds, insects, and sometimes small animals. They are known for their agility, curiosity, and playfulness, often engaging in acrobatics, grooming, and other social interactions within their groups.

What is a "monkey"?

monkey

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The rabbit is a small mammal known for its long ears, powerful hind legs, and soft fur. They are known for their ability to reproduce rapidly, with many species having large litters of offspring. Rabbits are herbivorous and typically feed on plant material such as grass, leaves, and vegetables. They are known for their agility and speed, often using their strong hind legs to quickly escape from predators. Rabbits are found in various habitats around the world, including grasslands, forests, deserts, and wetlands. They are social animals that are known for their burrowing behavior and complex social structures. Rabbits are popular as pets and have been domesticated for thousands of years for their docile nature and cute appearance.

What is a "rabbit"?

rabbit

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Rats are medium-sized rodents known for their adaptability and widespread distribution. They have pointed snouts, large ears, and long tails. Rats come in various species and colors, and they are found on every continent except Antarctica. Rats are known for their intelligence, agility, and ability to thrive in a wide range of habitats, including urban areas. They are typically omnivorous, feeding on a variety of foods, including grains, fruits, vegetables, and sometimes insects or small animals. Rats are known for their rapid reproduction, and they can reproduce quickly and have large litters. Rats have been both vilified as pests due to their ability to damage crops and spread disease, as well as praised for their contributions to scientific research and as pets in some cultures.

What is a "rat"?

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A snake is a legless reptile characterized by its elongated body and unique ability to slither. It comes in various sizes, colors, and patterns, adapting to different environments worldwide. The snake has a flexible jaw structure that allows it to consume prey larger than its own head size. It is carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of animals such as rodents, birds, and insects. Some snake species possess venomous fangs for capturing and subduing their prey, while others rely on constriction. Snakes play essential roles in ecosystems as both predators and prey, contributing to the ecological balance. Despite being often misunderstood, snakes are fascinating creatures with remarkable adaptations that enable them to thrive in diverse habitats.

What is a "snake"?

snake

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The tiger is a magnificent big cat known for its stunning appearance and unparalleled strength. With its distinctive coat of orange fur and black stripes, the tiger is instantly recognizable. Tigers have a muscular body, a long tail for balance, and sharp teeth and claws for capturing and killing their prey. They are known for their exceptional hunting skills and are apex predators in their natural habitats. Tigers are primarily solitary animals that inhabit diverse ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and swamps in various parts of Asia. They are carnivorous and primarily hunt large ungulates, but they are also known to prey on smaller mammals and occasionally fish. Tigers are highly endangered and conservation efforts are underway to protect them from threats such as habitat loss and poaching.

What is a "tiger"?

tiger

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sea animal

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Dolphins are highly intelligent and social marine mammals known for their streamlined bodies, sleek appearance, and playful behavior. They belong to the family Delphinidae and are part of the cetacean group, which also includes whales and porpoises. Dolphins have a streamlined body with a dorsal fin on their back, a long snout, and sharp teeth used for hunting prey. They are excellent swimmers, known for their acrobatic leaps, tail slaps, and riding waves created by boats. Dolphins are highly social animals, often living in groups called pods, and communicate with each other using a series of clicks, whistles, and body movements. They are found in oceans all around the world and are known for their agility, intelligence, and playful behavior, which makes them popular subjects of marine research, conservation efforts, and public admiration.

What is a "dolphin"?

dolphin

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A jellyfish is a gelatinous marine animal that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. They are characterized by their umbrella-shaped body and long tentacles that contain specialized cells called cnidocytes, which can inject venom into their prey or predators. Jellyfish come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and colors, and they can be found in oceans worldwide. They move by contracting and relaxing their bodies, allowing them to drift and swim through the water. While some jellyfish species are harmless to humans, others can deliver painful stings. Despite their simple body structure, jellyfish play important ecological roles and are fascinating creatures of the sea.

What is a "jellyfish"?

jellyfish

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A shark is a formidable marine creature that has captured the imagination and awe of humans for centuries. As a diverse group of fish, sharks vary in size, shape, and behavior, but they are typically characterized by their streamlined bodies, powerful jaws, and rows of sharp teeth. These apex predators play a vital role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems by regulating the populations of other marine species. Sharks have a well-developed sense of smell and excellent hunting skills, allowing them to efficiently locate and capture their prey. While some species, like the great white shark, are known for their intimidating reputation, the majority of sharks are harmless to humans and are often misunderstood. They inhabit oceans worldwide and are well-adapted to various environments, from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea.

What is a "shark"?

shark

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The whale is a magnificent marine mammal, known for its colossal size, streamlined body, and marine adaptations. Whales are the largest animals on Earth, with some species reaching lengths of up to 100 feet or more. They have streamlined bodies with smooth skin and a sleek shape that allows them to glide effortlessly through the water. Whales have a blowhole on top of their heads that they use to breathe, and they are known for their impressive spouts or "blows" when exhaling air. They are powerful swimmers, capable of diving to great depths and undertaking long migrations. Whales are known for their complex social structures and vocalizations, often referred to as "whale songs." They are filter-feeders or hunters, depending on the species, and primarily feed on plankton, krill, fish, or other marine organisms. Whales are iconic and awe-inspiring creatures that have captivated human imagination for centuries, representing the majesty and mystery of the world's oceans.

What is a "whale"?

whale

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Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 9A in the English File Pre-Intermediate coursebook, such as "insect", "farm animal", "wild", etc.

English File Pre-Intermediate "Lesson 9A" Vocabulary