English File Upper Intermediate "Lesson 9A" Vocabulary

to claim

Verb

c

k

l

ai

eɪ

m

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to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

disclaim

Example

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The controversial article regularly claims that a UFO sighting occurred last night.

Some online platforms often claim the benefits of miracle weight-loss products.

Grammatical Information:

transitive

misleading

Adjective

m

i

ɪ

s

l

ea

i

d

i

ɪ

n

g

intended to give a wrong idea or make one believe something that is untrue

noun

a

æ

d

v

e

ɜ

r

t

i

ɪ

s

z

e

m

e

ə

n

t

any movie, picture, note, etc. designed to promote products or services to the public

brand

noun

b

r

a

æ

n

d

the name that a particular product or service is identified with

publicity

noun

p

u

ə

b

l

i

ɪ

c

s

i

ə

t

y

i

actions or information that are meant to gain the support or attention of the public

What is "publicity"?

Publicity refers to the efforts and activities undertaken to generate public attention and awareness for a person, organization, product, or event. It involves using various media channels, such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and online platforms, to spread information and create a positive image. Publicity aims to build reputation, attract interest, and increase visibility, often through press releases, media appearances, promotional events, and other strategic communications. The goal is to influence public perception and foster engagement with the target audience.

to sue

Verb

s

ue

u

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Grammatical Information:

transitive

slogan

noun

s

l

o

oʊ

g

a

ə

n

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

What is a "slogan"?

A slogan is a short, catchy phrase used by a company or organization to convey its message, promote a product or service, or reinforce its brand identity. Slogans are designed to be memorable, often with a simple, persuasive message that resonates with the target audience. They are typically used in advertising, marketing campaigns, and branding materials to create emotional connections with consumers and leave a lasting impression. A good slogan helps to differentiate a brand from its competitors and communicate its core values or benefits.

advertising campaign

noun

/ˈædvɚtˌaɪzɪŋ kæmpˈeɪn/

a coordinated and strategic effort to promote a product, service, or brand using a series of advertisements or marketing messages over a period of time

What is an "advertising campaign"?

An advertising campaign is a series of coordinated advertisements that are designed to promote a product, service, or brand over a specific period. These campaigns are planned with clear goals, such as increasing brand awareness, generating sales, or promoting an event. An advertising campaign often includes multiple media channels, such as television, social media, print, and online ads, to reach a broad audience. It involves careful planning, creative development, and measurement to ensure that the message effectively connects with the target audience and achieves the desired outcome.

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

consumer

noun

c

k

o

ə

n

s

u

m

e

ɜ

r

someone who buys and uses services or goods

business

noun

b

u

ɪ

s

z

i

n

e

ɪ

ss

s

the activity of providing services or products in exchange for money

to become

Verb

b

e

ɪ

c

k

o

ʌ

m

e

to start or grow to be

Grammatical Information:

linking verb

to close down

Verb

/klˈoʊs dˈaʊn/

(of a business, shop, company, etc.) to no longer be open or operating, particularly permanently

open

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

Phrasal Status

inseparable

phrase's verb

close

phrase's particle

down

to drop

Verb

d

r

o

ɑ

p

to let or make something fall to the ground

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to grow

Verb

g

r

o

oʊ

w

to become greater in size, amount, number, or quality

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

to expand

Verb

e

ɪ

x

ks

p

a

æ

n

d

to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

to export

Verb

e

ɪ

x

ks

p

o

ɔ

r

t

to send goods or services to a foreign country for sale or trade

import

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to import

Verb

i

ɪ

m

p

o

ɔ

r

t

to buy goods from a foreign country and bring them to one's own

export

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to launch

Verb

l

au

ɔ

n

ch

ʧ

to start an organized activity or operation

abolish

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to manufacture

Verb

m

a

æ

n

u

j

ə

f

a

æ

c

k

t

ʧ

u

ɜ

r

e

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

Grammatical Information:

transitive

market

noun

m

a

ɑ

r

k

e

ɪ

t

a public place where people buy and sell groceries

to merge

Verb

m

e

ɜ

r

g

ʤ

e

to combine and create one whole

disunify

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

to produce

Verb

p

r

o

oʊ

d

u

c

s

e

to make something using raw materials or different components

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to set up

Verb

/sˈɛt ˈʌp/

to establish a fresh entity, such as a company, system, or organization

abolish

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Phrasal Status

separable

phrase's verb

set

phrase's particle

up

to take over

Verb

/tˈeɪk ˈoʊvɚ/

to begin to be in charge of something, often previously managed by someone else

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Phrasal Status

separable

phrase's verb

take

phrase's particle

over

new

Adjective

n

e

w

recently invented, made, etc.

old

product

noun

p

r

o

ɑ

d

u

ə

c

k

t

something that is created or grown for sale

to flop

Verb

f

l

o

ɑ

p

to move in a loose, uncontrolled, or erratic manner

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

market leader

noun

/mˈɑːɹkɪt lˈiːdɚ/

a specific product that outsells the other products of its kind

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

head

noun

h

ea

ɛ

d

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

office

noun

o

ɔ

ff

f

i

ɪ

c

s

e

a place where people work, particularly behind a desk

branch

noun

b

r

a

æ

n

ch

ʧ

a store, office, etc. that belongs to a larger business, organization, etc. and is representing it in a certain area

boom

noun

b

oo

u

m

a time of great economic growth

to do

Verb

d

o

u:

to perform an action that is not mentioned by name

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Past Simple

did

Past Participle

done

to make

Verb

m

a

eɪ

k

e

to form, produce, or prepare something, by putting parts together or by combining materials

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Past Simple

made

Past Participle

made

deal

noun

d

ea

i:

l

an agreement between two or more parties, typically involving the exchange of goods, services, or property

decision

noun

d

e

ɪ

c

s

i

ɪ

s

ʒ

io

ə

n

a choice or judgment that is made after adequate consideration or thought

job

noun

j

ʤ

o

ɑ:

b

the work that we do regularly to earn money

Grammatical Information:

loss

noun

l

o

ɔ

ss

s

the state or process of losing a person or thing

market research

noun

/mˈɑːɹkɪt ɹɪsˈɜːtʃ/

the act of gathering information about what people need or buy the most and why

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

redundant

Adjective

r

e

ɪ

d

u

ə

n

d

a

ə

n

t

surpassing what is needed or required, and so, no longer of use

well

Adverb

w

e

ɛ

ll

l

in a way that is right or satisfactory

ill

Grammatical Information:

incomparable

adverb of manner

badly

Adverb

b

a

æ

d

l

y

i

in a way that is not satisfactory, acceptable, or successful

well

to mix business with pleasure

phrase

/mˈɪks bˈɪznəs wɪð plˈɛʒɚ/

Disapproving

Idiom

to combine enjoyable activities with one's work

What is the origin of the idiom "mix business with pleasure" and when to use it?

The idiom "mix business with pleasure" refers to the act of combining work or business activities with leisure or recreational activities. The term is often used as a cautionary phrase to advise against engaging in activities that blur the line between work and personal life, and to emphasize the importance of maintaining a professional demeanor in business settings.

unfinished business

noun

/ʌnfˈɪnɪʃt bˈɪznəs/

a thing that has not been completed, discussed, or dealt with yet

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

to mind one's own business

phrase

/mˈaɪnd wˈʌnz ˈoʊn bˈɪznəs/

to only concern oneself with one's own private matters and not to interfere in those of others

none of one's business

phrase

/nˈʌn ʌv wˈʌnz bˈɪznəs/

Idiom

Informal

used to tell someone that it is not necessary for them to know about something and that they should stop questioning about it

What is the origin of the idiom "none of one's business" and when to use it?

The idiom "none of one's business" is used to convey that a particular matter or issue is not the concern or affair of a given individual. Its origin is not rooted in a specific historical or cultural context; rather, it is a logical extension of the English language.

to mean business

phrase

/mˈiːn bˈɪznəs/

to be very serious about fulfilling one's intentions

to get down to

Verb

/ɡɛt dˈaʊn tuː/

to start focusing on and engaging in a task or activity in a serious or determined manner

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Phrasal Status

inseparable

phrase's verb

get

phrase's particle

down to

to go out of business

phrase

/ɡˌoʊ ˌaʊɾəv bˈɪznəs/

Idiom

to cease to exist as a functional company or business due to financial challenges or difficulties

What is the origin of the idiom "go out of business" and when to use it?

The idiom "go out of business" is a straightforward expression that originates from the world of commerce and trade. This phrase is used to describe the closure or cessation of operations of a business or company, often due to financial difficulties, lack of profitability, or other reasons.

any

determiner

a

ɛ

n

y

i

one or some of a thing or number of things, however large or small

other

Adjective

o

ʌ

th

ð

e

ə

r

being the one that is different, extra, or not included

same

Congratulations! !

You learned 51 words from English File Upper Intermediate - Lesson 9A. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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