English File Advanced "Lesson 3B" Vocabulary

to overthrow

Verb

/ˈoʊvɝˌθɹoʊ/

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to forcefully remove a person of authority or power from their position

Example

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The citizens united to overthrow the corrupt leader and establish a new government.

Throughout history, revolutions have aimed to overthrow oppressive regimes.

Grammatical Information:

transitive

coup

noun

c

k

ou

u

p

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

people

noun

p

eo

i:

p

ə

l

e

a group of humans

event

noun

e

i

v

e

ɛ

n

t

anything that takes place, particularly something important

ally

noun

a

æ

ll

l

y

aɪ

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

civilian

Adjective

c

s

i

ə

v

i

ɪ

l

i

j

a

ə

n

relating to a person who is not a member of the military or police force and does not hold an official position in the government

military

commander

noun

c

k

o

ə

mm

m

a

æ

n

d

e

ɜ

r

an officer in charge of a military operation or a group of soldiers

force

noun

f

o

ɔ

r

c

s

e

a group of trained and organized people such as the police, soldiers, etc.

refugee

noun

r

e

ɛ

f

u

ju

g

ʤ

ee

i

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

sniper

noun

s

n

i

aɪ

p

e

ɜ

r

an individual who shoots at their targets from a concealed and, usually, far place

survivor

noun

s

u

ɜ

r

v

i

aɪ

v

o

ɜ

r

someone or something that stays alive or continues to exist, particularly after nearly dying or an unpleasant event

wounded

noun

w

ou

u

n

d

e

ɪ

d

someone who has been hurt or injured, either physically or emotionally

ceasefire

noun

c

s

ea

i

s

e

f

i

aɪɜ

r

e

a temporary peace during a battle or war when discussions regarding permanent peace is taking place

rebellion

noun

r

e

ɪ

b

e

ɛ

ll

l

i

j

o

ə

n

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

siege

noun

s

ie

i

g

ʤ

e

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

to break out

Verb

/bɹˈeɪk ˈaʊt/

to free oneself from a place that one is being held against their will, such as a prison

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

Phrasal Status

inseparable

phrase's verb

break

phrase's particle

out

to declare

Verb

d

e

ɪ

c

k

l

a

ɛ

r

e

to officially tell people something

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to defeat

Verb

d

e

ɪ

f

ea

i

t

to win against someone in a war, game, contest, etc.

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to release

Verb

r

e

i

l

ea

i

s

e

to let someone leave a place in which they have been confined or stuck

confine

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to retreat

Verb

r

e

i

t

r

ea

i

t

(of military) to move away in order to escape the danger because one has been defeated or is weak

advance

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

shell

noun

sh

ʃ

e

ll

l

a component of ammunition that is loaded into a firearm, including a casing or a hull, gunpowder, a primer, and a projectile

What is a "shell"?

A shell is a type of loaded case used in guns and firearms. It consists of a casing that holds gunpowder and a projectile, such as a bullet or small pellets. When fired, the gunpowder burns, forcing the projectile out of the barrel at high speed. Shells come in different sizes and types, depending on the firearm and intended use, including hunting, sport shooting, and military applications.

to surrender

Verb

s

u

ɜ

rr

r

e

ɛ

n

d

e

ɜ

r

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

resist

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

metaphorical

Adjective

m

e

ɛ

t

a

ə

ph

f

o

ɔ

r

i

ɪ

c

k

a

ə

l

using a word, phrase, etc. not for its ordinary meaning, but for the idea or symbol that it represents or suggests

conflict

noun

c

k

o

ɑ

n

f

l

i

ɪ

c

k

t

a serious disagreement or argument, often involving opposing interests or ideas

warfare

noun

w

a

ɔ

r

f

a

ɛ

r

e

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

to execute

Verb

e

ɛ

x

ks

e

ə

c

k

u

ju

t

e

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to blow up

Verb

/blˈoʊ ˈʌp/

to cause something to explode

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Phrasal Status

separable

phrase's verb

blow

phrase's particle

up

civil war

noun

/sˈɪvəl wˈɔːɹ/

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

revolution

noun

r

e

ɛ

v

o

ə

l

u

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

troop

noun

t

r

oo

u

p

armed forces or soldiers, especially by large numbers

to capture

Verb

c

k

a

æ

p

t

ʧ

u

ɜ

r

e

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

Grammatical Information:

transitive

loot

noun

l

oo

u

t

money, goods, or valuables that have been taken by force or through illegal means

treaty

noun

t

r

ea

i

t

y

i

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

What is a "treaty"?

A treaty is a formal, legally binding agreement between two or more parties, typically countries or governments. It is used to regulate relationships and cooperation on various issues, such as trade, defense, or environmental protection. Treaties are negotiated and signed by representatives of the parties involved and often require approval by each party's governing body to become effective. They establish specific terms and conditions that the parties agree to follow and can address a wide range of topics and concerns.

casualty

noun

c

k

a

æ

s

ʒ

ua

ə

l

t

y

i

someone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident

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You learned 34 words from English File Advanced - Lesson 3B. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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