Osteoderms are bony plates that are embedded in the skin, just like what alligators have today.

And some modern reptiles, like alligators, have keratin sheaths over their osteoderms.

And anything within that order, including modern animals like alligators and caimans, are called crocodilians.

It’s a hard place to live, for you and even for your average amphibian.

And this is probably because of two unique traits that set the amniotes apart from the amphibians.

And unlike the amphibians before them, they could likely lay their eggs on land.

Apes like us are the odd exception.

But monkeys and apes from Africa and Asia show a different pattern.

But we know that our great ape relatives today eat both insects and honey.

Deer, goat, calf, and sheepskin are sent by slaughterhouses or local hunters.

It was a small woolly mammoth calf, only about a month old.

Measuring about 23 feet, a newborn calf is already able to swim.

What do you think the future holds for the bull market, how much longer can it go?

The high share price does not deter bulls.

He's an eight-year-old pit bull and he loves sleeping and our family loves him so much.

Farmers are also mashing up potatoes into a compost-like mixture to feed cattle next year.

Everybody knows the five C's of Arizona: copper cattle, cotton, climate and citrus.

Cattle is more flexible when it comes to weight gain.

ALGORITHMS GET DOWN TO BUSINESS Ants are simple creatures, yet they can perform complicated tasks.

Even if I break your cage, I can't reach you, beautiful creature!

You think I'm afraid of that weak little creature?' he growled. '

I have not personally experienced domestic violence and abuse in that regard, but I have experienced child abuse.

The team must also decide if the focus will be on domestic sales or if the baby food will be exported to foreign countries.

Domestic violence is a serious problem everywhere, especially when it comes to marginalized groups.

The giraffe, of course, has the longest neck of any living mammal.

Almost all mammals, including you and giraffes, have only 7 neck vertebrae.

Of course, Lamarck never actually studied or even saw a giraffe—although he almost got the chance.

He did some research breeding animals like cattle and guinea pigs.

American animals, like llamas and guinea pigs, never really caught on in Eurasia.

He's our guinea pig.

Fossils of modern-looking leopards are also found at Laetoli.

Based on a partial skull and teeth, this cat was very similar to the modern snow leopard.

Instead, he argued, those fossils had been the victims of a hungry ancient leopard.

Take mules, for example, the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse.

Well, I've loaded you up, like pack mules, with far too much information.

But radios were so heavy that it took three mules to lug a radio set out into the field.

If the crowd were a single person, that was how much it would have guessed the ox weighed.

The crowd guessed that the ox would weigh 1,197 pounds.

While the tiger and horse refused, the kind-hearted ox agreed to carry the rat across.

As long as you adopt pets, that will happen.

No, they're not pets.

Yeah, there are exceptions for people with dogs or pets.

The slow loris, a small primate from Southeast Asia, is also venomous.

Fossil primates have also been found from central Alberta to southern Texas, and from California to Mississippi.

So, if primates really did evolve in North America, what happened to those early relatives of ours?

So this is where yet another adaptation came in for marine reptiles like the metriorhynchids.

But very few marine reptiles do this today.

And venomous reptiles are really common.

The cost of preserving the donkey species is another element to keep in mind when considering pule's huge value.

This is one factor in increasing diversity within a species.

This increases the diversity and differences within a species even further, but mutations are also important for evolution.

I quickly caught a big white goose with a black tail.

The diamond was inside the other goose with the black tail.

Look at the back of that tail.

‘We want to see the giant tortoises on Isabela.’

‘We’re very interested in the giant tortoises.’

He works here, studying giant tortoises.

Humans in the warm Indus Valley picked wild bananas to eat.

Humans in northern Europe dug up wild onions.

These early farmers tamed wild cows, goats, and sheep.

All mammals, including humans, can digest mother's milk as infants.

This cognitive skill is enjoyed by some mammals and birds, and perhaps other animals too.

So very tiny mammals came up with a very extreme solution.

and then he left his fur in my throat.

Wear your fur cap and carry your hat here, so you can wear it for class!

The company claims its animal fur trim disrupts air flow and protects exposed skin against frostbite.