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Unit 12 - Reference

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1-
expedition
2-
sailing
3-
to trek
4-
white water
5-
bridge
6-
canyon
7-
to link
8-
geography
9-
mainland
10-
tunnel
11-
to act
12-
ambition
13-
drama
14-
fame
15-
fortune
16-
politics
17-
politician
18-
bungee jumping
19-
to challenge
20-
cycling
21-
talent show
expedition
noun
e
ɛ
x
ks
p
p
e
ə
d
d
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
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a trip that has been organized for a particular purpose such as a scientific or military one or for exploration

example
Example
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The Arctic expedition aimed to study the effects of climate change on polar ecosystems.
The military organized an expedition to secure strategic positions in the region.
sailing
sailing
noun
s
s
ai
l
l
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

the practice of riding a boat as a hobby

What is "sailing"?

Sailing is a sport or activity where boats are moved by the wind using sails. The sails catch the wind, which pushes the boat forward across the water. Sailing can be done for recreation or in races, and it takes place on different bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, or oceans. To sail, the person in control of the boat must adjust the sails and steer the boat to navigate in different wind conditions. Sailing can be peaceful and relaxing or exciting and challenging, depending on the environment and type of boat used.

to trek
to trek
Verb
t
t
r
r
e
ɛ
k
k

to go for a long walk or journey, particularly in the mountains, forests, etc. as an adventure

Grammatical Information:

intransitive
white water
white water
noun
uk flag
/wˈaɪt wˈɔːɾɚ/

the part of water in a river that runs very fast and looks foamy

bridge
bridge
noun
b
b
r
r
i
ɪ
dg
ʤ
e

a structure built over a river, road, etc. that enables people or vehicles to go from one side to the other

What is a "bridge"?

A bridge is a structure built to cross over a gap, such as a river, road, or valley, allowing people, vehicles, or animals to cross from one side to the other. Bridges are made from materials like wood, steel, concrete, or stone and come in various designs, such as arch, beam, or suspension. They can range in size from small footbridges to large, multi-lane highway bridges. Bridges are important for transportation, connecting different areas and making travel easier and safer. They are also often considered engineering landmarks.

canyon
canyon
noun
c
k
a
æ
n
n
y
j
o
ə
n
n

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

to link
to link
Verb
l
l
i
ɪ
n
n
k
k

to establish a physical connection or attachment between two or more things

disconnect

Grammatical Information:

transitive
geography
geography
noun
g
ʤ
eo
g
g
r
r
a
ə
ph
f
y
i

the scientific study of the physical features of the Earth and its atmosphere, divisions, products, population, etc.

What is "geography"?

Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical features, climate, and the spatial relationships between places. It explores how natural and human-made features shape landscapes, environments, and human activities. Geography helps us understand the distribution of populations, resources, and the impact of human actions on the planet.

mainland
noun
m
m
ai
n
n
l
l
a
æ
n
n
d
d

the main part of a continent or country that is connected to a larger landmass, excluding surrounding islands or territories

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
tunnel
tunnel
noun
t
t
u
ʌ
nn
n
e
ə
l
l

a passage dug through or under a mountain or a structure, typically for cars, trains, people, etc.

What is a "tunnel"?

A tunnel is an underground passage that is typically built for transportation, such as roads, trains, or utilities. It can also be used for water flow or as a way to bypass natural obstacles like mountains or rivers. Tunnels are usually dug or drilled through the earth or rock, and they can vary in length, width, and purpose. They are often lined with concrete or steel to prevent collapse. Tunnels are an essential part of infrastructure, providing safe and efficient routes for people and goods. Some tunnels are open to the public, while others are used only for specific purposes, like mining or utilities.

to act
to act
Verb
a
æ
c
k
t
t

to play or perform a role in a play, movie, etc.

Grammatical Information:

transitive
ambition
noun
a
æ
m
m
b
b
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

something that is greatly desired

drama
drama
noun
d
d
r
r
a
ɑ:
m
m
a
ə

a play that is performed in a theater, on TV, or radio

fame
fame
noun
f
f
a
m
m
e

a state of being widely known or recognized, usually because of notable achievements, talents, or actions

infamy
fortune
fortune
noun
f
f
o
ɔ
r
r
t
ʧ
u
ə
n
n
e

a good thing that happens by chance and is not expected

politics
noun
p
p
o
ɑ
l
l
i
ə
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
s
s

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

politician
politician
noun
p
p
o
ɑ
l
l
i
ə
t
t
i
ɪ
c
ʃ
ia
ə
n
n

someone who works in the government or a law-making organization

bungee jumping
bungee jumping
noun
uk flag
/bˈʌndʒiː dʒˈʌmpɪŋ/

an activity in which someone jumps from a very high place with a rubber cord tied around their ankles

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
to challenge
to challenge
Verb
ch
ʧ
a
æ
ll
l
e
ə
n
n
g
ʤ
e

to invite someone to compete or strongly suggest they should do something, often to test their abilities or encourage action

Grammatical Information:

transitive
cycling
cycling
noun
c
s
y
c
k
ə
l
l
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

the sport or activity of riding a bicycle

talent show
noun
uk flag
/tˈælənt ʃˈoʊ/

an event or competition in which participants showcase their skills or talents in front of an audience and a panel of judges

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

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You learned 21 words from Total English Elementary - Unit 12 - Reference. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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