classical

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Country music is a genre that originated in the southern United States, characterized by its storytelling lyrics, simple melodies, and use of instruments like the guitar, banjo, fiddle, and harmonica. It often reflects themes of rural life, love, heartache, and the everyday experiences of working people. Country music has roots in folk, blues, and traditional American music, and it has evolved to include a variety of styles, from traditional country to contemporary country-pop. The genre is known for its relatable stories and emotional depth, resonating with listeners through its honest and straightforward expression.

What is "country music"?

country music

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folk

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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music known for its powerful sound and intense energy. It features loud, distorted guitars, strong drumming, and forceful vocals. Heavy metal songs often include fast, complex guitar solos and heavy, driving rhythms. The genre is recognized for its dramatic and sometimes dark themes, focusing on subjects like fantasy, mythology, and personal struggles. Heavy metal emphasizes a bold, high-energy performance style, creating a distinctive and exhilarating listening experience.

What is "heavy metal"?

heavy metal

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Hip-hop is a music genre that emerged in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York City. It is characterized by its rhythmic beats, rhyming lyrics, and strong cultural elements. It typically features a combination of rapping, along with DJing, beatboxing, and the use of sampled or electronically produced beats. Hip-hop music often includes storytelling and socially conscious lyrics that address issues such as urban life, identity, and resistance. The genre is a key part of hip-hop culture, which also includes elements like graffiti art and breakdancing. Over time, hip-hop has evolved and diversified, influencing global music trends and becoming a major cultural force.

What is "hip-hop"?

hip-hop

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Jazz is a music genre that originated in the early 20th century in the United States, known for its improvisation, offbeat rhythms, and strong emphasis on individual expression. It blends elements of African, European, and American music traditions, creating a unique and diverse sound. Jazz features instruments like the saxophone, trumpet, piano, double bass, and drums, often with musicians playing spontaneous, unrehearsed solos. The genre has many substyles, including swing, bebop, and cool jazz, each with its own distinct style. Jazz is celebrated for its creativity, complexity, and the way it allows musicians to explore and innovate within the music.

What is "jazz"?

jazz

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Latin is a broad music genre that encompasses various styles and rhythms originating from Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. It includes genres like salsa, merengue, bachata, tango, and more, each with its own unique beat and cultural influences. Latin music is known for its vibrant energy, catchy rhythms, and use of instruments like the guitar, drums, maracas, and accordion. The lyrics are often in Spanish or Portuguese, and the music is deeply rooted in the cultural traditions and experiences of Latin American and Hispanic communities. It is celebrated worldwide for its lively and infectious sound.

What is "Latin"?

Latin

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An opera is a theatrical work that combines music, singing, and drama to tell a story. It features a full score, including orchestral accompaniment and vocal parts, and is performed by singers and musicians on stage. The music in an opera includes various forms such as arias, duets, and choruses, and the performance typically includes elaborate sets, costumes, and staging. Operas can range from tragic to comedic themes and are often divided into acts and scenes. This art form integrates dramatic expression with musical composition, creating a rich and immersive experience.

What is an "opera"?

opera

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Rap is a music genre where artists use rhythmic speech to deliver lyrics in a structured, fast-paced manner. It involves speaking or chanting lyrics in time with a beat, often focusing on topics such as personal experiences, social issues, or storytelling. The music typically features strong, rhythmic beats and can include elements like rhyming and wordplay. Rap is a key component of hip hop culture and is known for its ability to convey emotions and messages through its distinctive vocal style and rhythmic flow.

What is "rap"?

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Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s, characterized by its distinctive offbeat rhythm and socially conscious lyrics. It often features prominent bass lines, steady drumbeats, and melodic guitar riffs. Reggae lyrics typically address themes of peace, love, social justice, and resistance to oppression. The genre gained global popularity, largely through artists like Bob Marley, and is closely tied to Jamaican culture and the Rastafarian movement.

What is "reggae"?

reggae

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soul

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Techno is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the 1980s, known for its repetitive beats and synthesized sounds. It typically features a steady, driving rhythm with a tempo ranging from 120 to 150 beats per minute. Techno music often includes repetitive, minimalistic melodies and rhythms, created using drum machines and synthesizers. The genre emphasizes a futuristic, mechanical sound and is popular in dance clubs and electronic music festivals. Techno is designed to create an energetic and immersive experience, with a focus on rhythm and atmosphere.

What is "techno"?

techno

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An album is a collection of music tracks released together as a single unit. It typically features multiple songs organized to create a cohesive experience, often reflecting a particular theme or artistic vision. Albums can be released in various formats, including vinyl records, CDs, or digital downloads. They are used by artists to present a more comprehensive body of work compared to individual singles.

What is an "album"?

album

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An artist is a person who professionally engages in creative activities such as dancing, singing, acting, or other forms of performance. Artists use their skills and talents to entertain, inspire, or convey emotions and stories to an audience. They perform in various settings, including theaters, concerts, and events, aiming to create memorable and impactful experiences through their art.

Who is an "artist"?

artist

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A band is a group of musicians who come together to perform music. They typically play a range of instruments, such as guitars, drums, keyboards, and brass, depending on the genre they specialize in, like rock, jazz, or marching music. Bands often work collaboratively to create and perform music, and they may perform live at events, record albums, or both.

What is a "band"?

band

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A composer is a person who creates original music by writing and arranging notes, rhythms, and harmonies. Composers can work in various genres and for different types of music, including classical, jazz, film scores, and popular music. They use their knowledge of music theory and their creativity to craft pieces that can be performed by musicians or recorded. Composers often create scores or sheet music that guides performers in bringing their musical ideas to life. Their work involves both artistic expression and technical skill in developing melodies, harmonies, and arrangements.

Who is a "composer"?

composer

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A concert is a live performance of music, typically held in a venue such as a theater, auditorium, or outdoor space. During a concert, musicians or bands perform a set of songs or pieces in front of an audience. Concerts can range from small, intimate gatherings to large-scale events featuring well-known artists. The experience often includes not only the performance of music but also visual and atmospheric elements that enhance the overall enjoyment of the event.

What is a "concert"?

concert

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to download

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A single is a music release that only has one main song, sometimes with additional tracks or remixes included. Unlike an album, which contains multiple songs, a single focuses on promoting one standout track. Singles are often released to generate interest in an upcoming album or to highlight a particular song for radio play and chart performance. They are available in various formats, such as digital downloads, CDs, or vinyl records.

What is a "single"?

single

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A chorus is a group of singers and dancers who perform together in a musical show, typically supporting and enhancing the main performers. This group is responsible for providing background vocals, harmonies, and choreography that complement the leading acts. The chorus adds depth and energy to the performance, often performing coordinated dance routines and singing in unison to create a fuller and more dynamic stage presence. Their role is crucial in adding visual and auditory richness to the overall show, making it more engaging and entertaining for the audience.

What is a "chorus"?

chorus

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A duet is a musical composition written for two performers. It features two different parts, typically played or sung by separate instruments or voices, interacting and complementing each other. Duets can vary in style and form, ranging from classical to contemporary genres, and are designed to highlight the musical dialogue and harmony between the two performers.

What is a "duet"?

duet

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A flop is a book, movie, song, play, or other work that fails to achieve success or meet expectations. It often results in poor reviews, low sales, or disappointing audience reception. The term signifies that the work did not perform well commercially or fail to attract the intended audience.

What is a "flop"?

flop

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lyric

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A solo is a musical performance by a single person, either on an instrument or through singing. It highlights the individual performer’s skill and artistry, allowing them to take the spotlight and showcase their talent. Solos are often featured in various musical settings, including concerts, recitals, and recordings, and can be part of a larger composition or a standalone piece. The term emphasizes the focus on one performer rather than a group or ensemble.

What is a "solo"?

solo

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A soundtrack is the collection of music and audio used in a film, television show, or video game. It includes background music, songs, and sometimes dialogue or sound effects that accompany the visual content, helping to set the mood, enhance the story, and evoke emotions in the audience. Soundtracks can be made up of original compositions created specifically for the production, or they can include existing songs that are carefully selected to fit the scenes. Often, soundtracks are released separately as albums for fans to enjoy outside of the context of the original work.

What is a "soundtrack"?

soundtrack

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A theme song is a specific piece of music associated with a show, movie, event, or brand, often featuring lyrics that capture the essence or mood of the subject it represents. It is used as an introduction or signature tune to establish the identity of the media or event and make it memorable for the audience. While some theme songs are instrumental, many include lyrics that help convey the message or theme more effectively.

What is a "theme song"?

theme song

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charity

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speech

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An award is a recognition given to someone for their achievements, skills, or contributions in a particular field. It is usually presented in the form of a certificate, trophy, medal, or other items that symbolize accomplishment. Awards can be given in many areas such as academics, sports, work, or artistic achievements. They are meant to honor and acknowledge individuals for their efforts, encourage continued excellence, and inspire others to reach similar goals.

What is an "award"?

award

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prize

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competition

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top of the charts

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Pop music is a genre that is designed to appeal to a wide audience, featuring catchy melodies, simple lyrics, and a strong rhythm. It often blends elements from various music styles like rock, dance, and electronic music, making it versatile and accessible. Pop music is characterized by its emphasis on memorable hooks and a straightforward structure, usually with verses and a chorus. It dominates mainstream radio and charts, reflecting current trends and cultural themes. Pop music is constantly evolving, with artists experimenting with different sounds to create songs that resonate with listeners globally.

What is "pop music"?

pop music

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rock music

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Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 2 - Reference in the Total English Pre-Intermediate coursebook, such as "composer", "heavy metal", "speech", etc.

Total English Pre-Intermediate "Unit 2 - Reference" Vocabulary