rubber

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wood

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gunpowder

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Glass is a solid material that is typically transparent and made from a mixture of sand, soda ash, and limestone that is melted together at high temperatures and then cooled rapidly. It is known for its smooth, shiny surface and its ability to transmit light, making it ideal for use in windows, mirrors, and lenses. Glass can also be colored or tinted, and it is commonly used to make a wide range of objects, including bottles, jars, vases, and ornaments. It is valued for its versatility, durability, and recyclability, as well as its ability to be shaped into various forms through techniques such as blowing, casting, and molding.

What is "glass"?

glass

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Leather is a material made from the skin of animals, most commonly cows. It is known for its durability, flexibility, and strength, making it a popular choice for clothing, accessories, and furniture. Leather has a distinctive texture and appearance, with natural variations in color, grain, and markings that give it character and charm. It can be processed in a variety of ways to achieve different finishes, such as smooth, suede, or patent. Leather is also capable of developing a beautiful patina over time with wear and exposure to the elements. While it is a relatively expensive material, many people appreciate its timeless style, longevity, and quality. Overall, leather is a versatile and enduring material that adds a touch of sophistication and luxury to any outfit or space.

What is "leather"?

leather

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Metal refers to a class of elements characterized by their usually solid and hard nature, as well as their ability to conduct heat and electricity. Metals typically have a shiny appearance, are able to be stretched, bent, hammered, or pressed into different shapes without breaking, and are found in various forms, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, and zinc. They are widely used in manufacturing, construction, and various industries due to their strength, durability, and conductivity properties. Metals play a crucial role in modern society, serving as essential materials for building infrastructure, producing machinery and tools, and creating countless consumer products.

What is "metal"?

metal

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paper

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plastic

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Porcelain is a type of ceramic material made from fine clay that is fired at very high temperatures. It is known for its strength, durability, and translucent appearance, as well as its ability to be shaped into intricate forms. Porcelain is commonly used to make a variety of objects, including dinnerware, figurines, tiles, and decorative items. It is valued for its smooth, glossy surface and its ability to hold intricate designs and vibrant colors.

What is "porcelain"?

porcelain

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bronze

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cotton

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Denim is a sturdy cotton twill fabric, typically blue in color, that is commonly used to make jeans, jackets, skirts, and other durable clothing items. It has a distinct diagonal weave pattern that is achieved through a technique called "twill weaving," which produces parallel diagonal ridges on the fabric surface. Originally created as workwear for miners, denim has become a popular fashion fabric that can be found in a variety of styles and finishes, from raw and distressed to washed and pre-faded. It is known for its durability, versatility, and casual style, and remains a staple in many wardrobes around the world.

What is "denim"?

denim

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Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, yellow, highly malleable, and ductile metal that is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is known for its beauty and rarity. Gold has been used throughout history for various purposes, including currency, jewelry, and decoration. It is a highly valued precious metal, and its price fluctuates in the international market. Gold is also an excellent conductor of electricity, making it useful in electronics and other industries. Additionally, gold has been associated with wealth, luxury, and prestige, and it has been an object of human fascination and desire for thousands of years.

What is "gold"?

gold

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Iron is a strong, metallic element that is commonly used in construction and manufacturing due to its durability and versatility. It is primarily found in nature as iron ore and is extracted through processes like smelting. Iron is often used to create steel, which is an alloy of iron and carbon, providing added strength and resistance to corrosion. In construction, iron is used for beams, columns, and reinforcement bars, contributing to the structural integrity of buildings and bridges. Additionally, iron is used in various tools, machinery, and appliances, making it a fundamental material in many industries.

What is "iron"?

iron

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lycra

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Silk is a luxurious and natural fiber that is produced by silkworms. It is known for its softness, luster, and draping qualities, which make it a popular choice for high-end clothing and home decor items. Silk fabric is breathable, lightweight, and moisture-wicking, which makes it comfortable to wear in warm weather. It is also a strong and durable material that can withstand frequent wear and washing, as long as it is handled with care. Silk can be dyed in a wide range of colors and patterns, and it is often used for formal and dressy clothing like dresses, blouses, and suits, as well as for bedding, curtains, and upholstery. While silk is a luxurious and high-maintenance material that requires special care, it is a timeless and elegant fabric that has been prized for thousands of years.

What is "silk"?

silk

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Silver is a precious metal that is known for its white and lustrous appearance. It has been used to create various objects for centuries, including jewelry, coins, and decorative pieces. Silver is a soft and malleable metal that is easy to work with, making it a popular choice for jewelers. It is also a good conductor of heat and electricity, making it useful in electrical applications. Silver jewelry has been worn for centuries and can range from simple, elegant pieces to more elaborate and intricate designs. Because of its durability and beauty, silver is a popular material for jewelry-making and other decorative purposes.

What is "silver"?

silver

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wool

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Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 3 - Lesson 2 in the Total English Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "porcelain", "silk", "bronze", etc.

Total English Upper-Intermediate - Unit 3 - Lesson 2

Unit 3 - Lesson 2

Total English Upper-Intermediate "Unit 3 - Lesson 2" Vocabulary