Total English Upper-Intermediate "Unit 9 - Reference" Vocabulary

crime

noun

c

k

r

i

aɪ

m

e

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an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

Example

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The police are investigating the crime that occurred last night.

She was arrested for her involvement in a violent crime.

judge

noun

j

ʤ

u

ʌ

dg

ʤ

e

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

robbery

noun

r

o

ɑ

bb

b

e

ɜ

r

y

i

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

thief

noun

th

θ

ie

i:

f

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

fingerprint

noun

f

i

ɪ

n

g

e

ɜ

r

p

r

i

ɪ

n

t

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

fine

noun

f

i

aɪ

n

e

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

victim

noun

v

i

ɪ

c

k

t

i

ə

m

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

criminal

noun

c

k

r

i

ɪ

m

i

ə

n

a

ə

l

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

punishment

noun

p

u

ə

n

i

ɪ

sh

ʃ

m

e

ə

n

t

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

community service

noun

/kəmjˈuːnɪɾi sˈɜːvɪs/

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

to suspect

Verb

s

u

ə

s

p

e

ɛ

c

k

t

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

Grammatical Information:

transitive

innocent

Adjective

i

ɪ

nn

n

o

ə

c

s

e

ə

n

t

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

guilty

Adjective

g

ui

ɪ

l

t

y

i

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

witness

noun

w

i

ɪ

t

n

e

ə

ss

s

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

evidence

noun

e

ɛ

v

i

ə

d

e

ə

n

c

s

e

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

petty

Adjective

p

e

ɛ

tt

t

y

i

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

to suspend

Verb

s

u

ə

s

p

e

ɛ

n

d

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

Grammatical Information:

transitive

sentence

noun

s

e

ɛ

n

t

e

ə

n

c

s

e

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

acquittal

prison

noun

p

r

i

ɪ

s

z

o

ə

n

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

graffiti

noun

g

r

a

ə

ff

f

i

i:

t

i

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

What is "graffiti"?

Graffiti is a type of street art where people draw or paint on public walls and surfaces, often without permission. It can range from simple writing to detailed pictures. Graffiti is used to share ideas, messages, or artwork and is commonly found in city areas. While it is often done illegally, it is also valued for its artistic expression and influence on city culture.

vandalism

noun

v

a

æ

n

d

a

ə

l

i

ɪ

s

z

ə

m

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

forensic

Adjective

f

o

ɔ

r

e

ɛ

n

s

i

ɪ

c

k

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

to commit

Verb

c

k

o

ə

mm

m

i

ɪ

t

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

Grammatical Information:

transitive

arson

noun

a

ɑ

r

s

o

ə

n

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

fraud

noun

f

r

au

ɔ

d

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

uncountable

to arrest

Verb

a

ɜ

rr

r

e

ɛ

s

t

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to convict

Verb

c

k

o

ɑ

n

v

i

ɪ

c

k

t

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

acquit

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to sentence

Verb

s

e

ɛ

n

t

e

ə

n

c

s

e

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to get away with

Verb

/ɡɛt ɐwˈeɪ wɪð/

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Phrasal Status

inseparable

phrase's verb

get

phrase's particle

away with

to sue

Verb

s

ue

u

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to insure

Verb

i

ɪ

n

s

ʃ

u

ʊ

r

e

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

Grammatical Information:

transitive

claim

noun

c

k

l

ai

eɪ

m

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

premium

noun

p

r

e

i

m

iu

iə

m

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

middle-aged

Adjective

/ˈmɪdəˌɫeɪɡd/

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

well-dressed

Adjective

/ˌwɛlˈdrɛst/

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

far-fetched

Adjective

/fˈɑːɹfˈɛtʃt/

not probable and difficult to believe

tongue-tied

Adjective

/tˈʌŋtˈaɪd/

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

pig-headedly

Adverb

/pˈɪɡhˈɛdɪdli/

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

to gift-wrap

Verb

/ɡˈɪftɹˈæp/

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

fireproof

Adjective

f

i

aɪɜ

r

e

p

r

oo

u

f

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

to aid

Verb

ai

eɪ

d

to help or support others in doing something

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to ax

Verb

a

æ

x

ks

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

to back

Verb

b

a

æ

ck

k

to support someone or something

to bid

Verb

b

i

ɪ

d

to try to achieve something

Grammatical Information:

transitive

clash

noun

c

k

l

a

æ

sh

ʃ

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

to hit

Verb

h

i

ɪ

t

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

Grammatical Information:

transitive

key

Adjective

k

e

y

i

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

plea

noun

p

l

ea

i

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

to quit

Verb

q

k

u

w

i

ɪ

t

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

continue

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to catch somebody red-handed

phrase

/kˈætʃ ˌɛsbˈiː ɹˈɛdhˈændᵻd/

Idiom

Informal

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

What is the origin of the idiom "catch someone red-handed" and when to use it?

The idiom "catch someone red-handed" traces its origin to the practice of catching a person with literal blood stains on their hands, serving as irrefutable evidence of their involvement in a crime or wrongdoing. In earlier times, the phrase was associated with catching a thief or murderer immediately after the act, when their hands were stained with the victim's blood. Over time, the idiom evolved to describe any situation where someone is caught in the act of committing an offense or engaging in illicit activities, leaving them with undeniable proof of their guilt.

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You learned 50 words from Total English Upper-Intermediate - Unit 9 - Reference. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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