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Unit 7 - Reference

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mammal
2-
trade
3-
carnivore
4-
tame
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to stalk
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habitat
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breed
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to hibernate
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sanctuary
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nature reserve
11-
endangered
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reptile
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rare
14-
exotic
15-
cage
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predator
17-
permanent
18-
ghost town
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spectacular
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landscape
21-
active
22-
volcano
23-
inhospitable
24-
state of the art
25-
secondhand
26-
available
27-
handcrafted
28-
brand-new
29-
wear and tear
30-
on the market
mammal
mammal
noun
m
m
a
æ
mm
m
a
ə
l
l
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a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

What is "mammal"?

Mammal is a warm-blooded animal that belongs to the class Mammalia. All mammals have certain defining characteristics, including the presence of hair or fur, the ability to produce milk to feed their young and three middle ear bones. Mammals are also capable of regulating their body temperature internally, which makes them well-adapted to live in a wide range of environments. There are around 5,500 species of mammals, including many familiar animals such as humans, dogs, cats, elephants, whales, and bats. Mammals play important roles in ecosystems around the world and are often key indicators of environmental health. They are also a major source of food, clothing, and other resources for humans.

trade
trade
noun
t
t
r
r
a
d
d
e

the activity of exchanging goods or services

carnivore
carnivore
noun
c
k
a
ɑ
r
r
n
n
i
ɪ
v
v
o
ɔ
r
r
e

an animal that feeds on the flesh of other animals

What is a "carnivore"?

A carnivore is an animal that primarily feeds on meat or flesh. They have adapted to hunting and consuming meat as their primary source of nutrition. Some examples of carnivores include lions, tigers, wolves, hyenas, and sharks. Carnivores typically have sharp teeth and claws, powerful jaws, and keen senses to help them locate and capture their prey. They are often at the top of the food chain and play an important role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystem. Some carnivores are also scavengers and will consume the remains of dead animals, while others are strictly predators that actively hunt their prey.

tame
tame
Adjective
t
t
a
m
m
e

(of an animal) fit to live with people and not afraid of them

wild
to stalk
to stalk
Verb
s
s
t
t
a
ɔ
l
k
k

to move stealthily or quietly towards prey or a target, typically in a deliberate and calculated manner

Grammatical Information:

transitive
habitat
habitat
noun
h
h
a
æ
b
b
i
ə
t
t
a
æ
t
t

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

breed
breed
noun
b
b
r
r
ee
i
d
d

a particular type of animal or plant that has typically been domesticated by people in a certain way

to hibernate
to hibernate
Verb
h
h
i
b
b
e
ɜ
r
r
n
n
a
t
t
e

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

estivate

Grammatical Information:

intransitive
sanctuary
sanctuary
noun
s
s
a
æ
n
n
c
k
t
ʧ
ua
r
r
y
i

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

nature reserve
noun
uk flag
/nˈeɪtʃɚ ɹɪsˈɜːv/

a protected area of land or water that is set aside for the preservation and protection of natural habitats, wildlife, and plant species

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
endangered
endangered
Adjective
e
ɛ
n
n
d
d
a
n
n
g
ʤ
e
ɜ
r
r
e
d
d

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

reptile
reptile
noun
r
r
e
ɛ
p
p
t
t
i
l
l
e

a class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin

What is "reptile"?

Reptile refers to a class of animals that are characterized by their cold-bloodedness, scaly skin, and egg-laying reproduction. They are found all over the world in a wide range of habitats, from deserts to rainforests to oceans. Reptiles include familiar animals like snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles. Many species of reptiles are predators, using their sharp teeth and powerful jaws to catch and eat prey. Others are herbivores, feeding on plants or fruits. Some reptiles are venomous, while others are harmless to humans. Reptiles play an important role in ecosystems as both predator and prey, and their conservation is crucial for maintaining a healthy and diverse environment.

rare
rare
Adjective
r
r
a
ɛ
r
r
e

happening infrequently or uncommon in occurrence

exotic
Adjective
e
ɪ
x
gz
o
ɑ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k

originating in another country, particularly a tropical one

cage
cage
noun
c
k
a
g
ʤ
e

a framework made of metal bars or wires in which animals or birds can be kept

predator
predator
noun
p
p
r
r
e
ɛ
d
d
a
ə
t
t
o
ɜ
r
r

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

What is "predator"?

Predator refers to a group of animals that primarily feed on other animals, known as prey, in order to survive. Predators have adaptations that enable them to locate, catch, and kill their prey, such as sharp teeth, powerful jaws, and excellent senses of sight, smell, and hearing. Some examples of predators include lions, wolves, sharks, and eagles. Predators are typically at the top of the food chain in their ecosystem and play a vital role in controlling the populations of other animals. However, human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction have threatened many predator species, leading to declines in their populations and negative effects on the environment.

permanent
Adjective
p
p
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
a
ə
n
n
e
ə
n
n
t
t

continuing to exist all the time, without significant changes

impermanent
ghost town
noun
uk flag
/ɡˈoʊst tˈaʊn/

a once-thriving town or community that has been abandoned or largely deserted, often due to economic or environmental factors

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
spectacular
spectacular
Adjective
s
s
p
p
e
ɛ
c
k
t
t
a
æ
c
k
u
j
ə
l
l
a
ɜ
r
r

extremely impressive and beautiful, often evoking awe or excitement

landscape
landscape
noun
l
l
a
æ
n
n
d
d
s
s
c
k
a
p
p
e

a beautiful scene in the countryside that can be seen in one particular view

active
Adjective
a
æ
c
k
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e

(of a volcano) currently showing signs of volcanic activity or having the potential to become active soon

dormant
volcano
volcano
noun
v
v
o
ɑ
l
l
c
k
a
n
n
o

a mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air

inhospitable
Adjective
i
ɪ
n
n
h
h
o
ɑ
s
s
p
p
i
ɪ
t
t
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e

providing an environment where life or growth is difficult or impossible

hospitable
state of the art
phrase
uk flag
/stˈeɪt ʌvðɪ ˈɑːɹt/

the latest or most advanced level of technology, design, or knowledge in a particular field

secondhand
Adjective
s
s
e
ɛ
c
k
o
ə
n
n
d
d
h
h
a
æ
n
n
d
d

previously owned or used by someone else

incomparable
available
available
Adjective
a
ə
v
v
ai
l
l
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e

ready for being used or acquired

unavailable
handcrafted
Adjective
h
h
a
æ
n
n
d
d
c
k
r
r
a
æ
f
f
t
t
e
ɪ
d
d

made by hand using traditional or artisanal methods rather than by automated or mass-production processes

machine-made
brand-new
brand-new
Adjective
uk flag
/ˈbɹændˌnu/

having never been used or worn before

wear and tear
phrase
uk flag
/wˈɛɹ ɐnd tˈɛɹ/

the gradual damage or deterioration that occurs to an object or property as a result of normal use or aging

on the market
phrase
uk flag
/ɑːnðə mˈɑːɹkɪt/

used to refer to the availability of a product or property for purchase, sale, or rental

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You learned 30 words from Total English Advanced - Unit 7 - Reference. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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