abbreviation
/əˌbɹiviˈeɪʃən/
noun
the shortened form of a word, etc.
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Examples

1This includes capitalization, abbreviations, names, dates, and even misspelled words.
2This one is the abbreviation of the word versus.
3I write abbreviations.
4You have short abbreviations.
5We use those abbreviations everywhere.
active voice
/ˈæktɪv vˈɔɪs/
noun
(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb
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Examples

1This is active voice.
2I used the passive voice instead of the active voice.
3In English, we use the passive voice or the active voice for different reasons.
4In most cases, use the active voice rather than the passive.
5You make yourself the active voice.
adverbial
/ædˈvɝbiəɫ/
noun
(grammar) a word or phrase that adds more information to another word in sense of time, manner, degree or cause
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Examples

1So, phrases are groups of words that act like parts of speech, so this one, for example, is an adjectival or adverbial phrase.
2So, if we've got Wanda gave a gift card to Louie, Wanda is the subject, gift card is the direct object, and then we can see to Louie is now this adverbial prepositional phrase that modifies gave.
3This style of inversion is more common in speech with words like here, and there and small adverbials.
4And the adverbial form of this, it would be a lis pendens, but that's also its own special legal document, usually regarding real estate.
apostrophe
/əˈpɑstɹəˌfi/
noun
the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers
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Examples

1They moved the apostrophe key to no man's land and Backspace.
2But possessive pronouns don't use apostrophes.
3So the apostrophe can do three things.
4Which language does the word apostrophe come from?
5What is an apostrophe?
article
/ˈɑɹtəkəɫ/, /ˈɑɹtɪkəɫ/
noun
(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something
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Examples

1He wrote a very interesting article.
2Writing articles.
3Articles must cause the most headaches for English learners.
4What are articles?
5Another great Canadian line, is Article.
auxiliary verb
/ɔːksˈɪliəɹi vˈɜːb/
noun
a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be
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Examples

1Imperatives have no auxiliary verb.
2The past perfect continuous sentence has different auxiliary verbs.
3The auxiliary verb must match the main verb.
4The auxiliary verb matches the subject.
5Auxiliary verbs are function words.
clause
/ˈkɫɔz/
noun
(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence
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Examples

1That clause gives us more information about the subject.
2So both clauses use the present simple.
3So both clauses use the present simple.
4Most courts interpreted force majeure clauses very narrowly.
5So the first law of nature, according to Hobbes, has two clauses.
conjunction
/kənˈdʒəŋkʃən/
noun
(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words
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Examples

1They're conjunctions.
2And a conjunction puts two things together.
3Well, we use a conjunction.
4Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses.
5And a conjunction, brings about an epoch shift.
contraction
/kənˈtɹækʃən/
noun
a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form
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Examples

1What are contractions?
2So tip 1 was use contractions.
3I use contractions.
4One of you uses contractions only in dissents.
5Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions.
determiner
/dɪtˈɜːmɪnɚ/
noun
(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation
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Examples

1Determiners help us figure out which specific instance of a specific noun we're talking about.
2Not all of our noun phrases have a determiner in them.
3This stands in stark contrast to the picture we get from Camus, who said that we are all the determiners of the value of our own lives.
4So here 'another' is the determiner to the singular countable noun, 'room'.
5- No- - That was really a determiner.
exclamation mark
/ɛksklɐmˈeɪʃən mˈɑːɹk/
noun
the symbol ! that marks an interjection, which is a word or phrase indicating surprise, anger, excitement, etc.
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Examples

1And then, you see this little exclamation mark?
2She's got exclamation marks all over the place.
3The town even has a Guinness World Record for "most exclamation marks in a town name."
4So it has two, like exclamation marks, like the way they'd be written in Spanish for the app logo.
5There's lots of exclamation marks.
grammatical
/ɡɹəˈmætəkəɫ/, /ɡɹəˈmætɪkəɫ/
adjective
connected to the rules or the study of grammar
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Examples

1You have the death sentence and the sentence, the grammatical sentence.
2Is this grammatical?
3Number two is not understanding grammatical terms.
4Danish grammatical endings can only have one vowel in them.
5This snippet of a story has five verbs, no time-specific adverbs and, unlike the English translation, zero grammatical tenses.
imperative verb
/ɪmpˈɛɹətˌɪv vˈɜːb/
noun
(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

Examples

intonation
/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/
noun
(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking
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Examples

1Any other question, intonation goes down.
2Intonation is like punctuation.
3The next thing is intonation.
4Intonation is the melody of the language.
5Intonation is my passion.
intransitive verb
/ɪntɹˈænsɪtˌɪv vˈɜːb/
noun
(grammar) a verb without a direct object
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Examples

1Now intransitive verbs are the opposite.
2An intransitive verb means it doesn't take a direct object.
3And you're still the subject in the intransitive verb wäyet, even though you look different.
4This sets Mayan apart from both English and Nahuatl, since we use the same subjects for transitive and intransitive verbs.
transitive verb
/tɹˈænsɪtˌɪv vˈɜːb/
noun
(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object
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Examples

1We can also use 'stand' as a transitive verb which means 'to endure'.
2Well, with a transitive verb, it takes an object or a direct object, meaning it has an effect on something else.
3That's what a transitive verb means, so the verb has to carry across to an object.
4A transitive verb mandates that there has to be an object there: "Sam devoured the pizza."
5Take a transitive verb, a k'uxi, where you are the subject.
part of speech
/pˈɑːɹt ʌv spˈiːtʃ/
noun
(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence
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Examples

1Next up is part of speech.
2They're two different parts of speech.
3Number one are parts of speech.
4The speech and the consequences are all part of speech.
5But the part of speech is not important here.
passive voice
/pˈæsɪv vˈɔɪs/
noun
(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it
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Examples

1Well another contributor to zombie prose, is the passive voice.
2The mainstream conversation about the subject uses passive voice all over the place.
3The mainstream conversation about, um, this subject uses passive voice all over the place.
4What's passive voice?
5English speakers frequently use the passive voice.
period
/ˈpɪɹiəd/
noun
the symbol . used to mark the end of a sentence or an abbreviation
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Examples

1"Only women get periods."
2Humans with uteruses and vaginas get periods.
3Period equals 2 pi over my angular frequency, omega.
4Period before you can, legally purchase this gun.
5Point barre means: period.
prefix
/ˈpɹifɪks/
noun
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
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Examples

1So what is a prefix?
2Don't forget your prefixes.
3Do you have a prefix?
4Do you have a prefix?
5The first batch have the prefix AA01.
suffix
/ˈsəfɪks/
noun
(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word
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Examples

1Next, we'll do suffixes.
2This suffix is always unstressed.
3Suffixes generally only have three letters.
4Usually, longer words in English have suffixes.
5What is a suffix?
reflexive
/ɹəˈfɫɛksɪv/
adjective
(grammar) describing a word that indicates that the action of the verb affects the agent performing it
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Examples

1But, when do you use reflexive pronouns?
2You use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same thing.
3We call it reflexive pronoun.
4The reflexive pathway basically includes areas of the brain stem we call central pattern generators.
5For one, regular people and lawyers do use grants in a reflexive way.
relative
/ˈɹɛɫətɪv/
adjective
(grammar) referring to a noun, clause or sentence that has come before
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Examples

1How do you prevent all your relatives coming to live with you in the summer?'
2Our perception is relative.
3Fame is relative.
4Vacuum emptiness is relative.
5Most things are relative.
to quote
/ˈkwoʊt/
verb
to say or repeat the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.
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Examples

1Mean Girls quote!
2But of course people only quote the sound bite.
3One said, quote, "the thrilling story of the Revolutionary War finale."
4The citation is quoting your source.
5quoting our textbook.
proper noun
/pɹˈɑːpɚ nˈaʊn/
noun
(grammar) the name of a place, person, country, etc. with its first letter capitalized
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Examples

1So a historical figure is a proper noun?
2Here we have verb, verb, and proper noun.
3Proper nouns are specific people, places, and things.
4examples of proper nouns include people's names, cities, countries, the names of streets, the days of the week, and the months of the year.
5Again, it's a proper noun
common noun
/kˈɑːmən nˈaʊn/
noun
(grammar) a noun that refers to an object or a concept of a class but not to a particular one
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Examples

1These are common nouns.
2These are common nouns.
3These are common nouns.
4These are common nouns.
5Common nouns are nonspecific people, places, and things.
quotation mark
/kwoʊtˈeɪʃən mˈɑːɹk/
noun
either of the symbols " " or ' ' used before and after a word or words to indicate the beginning and the end of a title or quoted remark, or to mark a jargon
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Examples

1Notice the quotation marks in the air.
2It has two sets of quotation marks on stuff.
3You'll see quotation marks, quotes.
4That has to be in quotation marks.
5- Is accidentally in quotation marks?
object
/ˈɑbdʒɛkt/, /əbˈdʒɛkt/
noun
(grammar) a noun or noun phrase that is affected by the action of the verb, or is followed by a preposition
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Examples

1Slamming objects on tables.
2Powerful telescopes, like the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, Herschel and Keck Observatory have photographed objects very far away.
3Now, objects reflect light in all directions.
4Object matrimony.
5Object becomes separate.
abstract noun
/ˈæbstɹækt nˈaʊn/
noun
(grammar) a noun that denotes a general quality or an idea, rather than a physical object or real world event
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Examples

1So abstract nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts, emotions.
2They're abstract nouns in English.
3They're abstract nouns in English.
4They're abstract nouns in English.
5They're abstract nouns in English.
accent
/ˈækˌsɛnt/, /əkˈsɛnt/
noun
an emphasis given to a particular syllable of a word, part of a sentence, or note in a set of musical notes
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Examples

1Yeah, the sausage should accent the beer and ice cream taste.
2Backlit trim and blue lines accent the air vents and seats.
3Goats have accents.
4Several large palm trees accent the front of the villa and tower above the terracotta tile roof.
5Accent the arms of the futon frame with soft pillows for even more comfortable seating.

Great!

You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!