morphology
/mɔɹˈfɑɫədʒi/
noun
the field of linguistics that investigates how words are formed, analyzed, and combined to convey meaning, including the study of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and other linguistic units
etymology
/ˌɛtəˈmɑɫədʒi/, /ˌɛtɪˈmɑɫədʒi/
noun
the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
lexicology
/lˌɛksɪkˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of words, their meanings, origins, and relationships within a language, including vocabulary development, word formation processes, and semantic analysis
morphophonology
/mˌɔːɹfəfənˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a linguistic field that explores the interactions between morphology (the study of word structure) and phonology (the study of sound patterns), investigating how morphological processes can affect the pronunciation and phonetic realization of words
dialectology
/dˌaɪəlɪktˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a branch of linguistics that examines and analyzes the variations in language, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage, within specific geographic regions or social groups, with a focus on studying different dialects and their characteristics
historical linguistics
/hɪstˈɔːɹɪkəl lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the branch of linguistics that explores the changes and developments in languages throughout history, tracing their origins, evolution, and relationships through the analysis of written records and comparative analysis
onomasiology
/ˌɑːnəmˌæsɪˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of the concepts and processes involved in the selection and naming of words and expressions to represent specific meanings or referents in language
semantics
/sɪˈmæntɪks/
noun
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference or truth
theoretical linguistics
/θiəɹˈɛɾɪkəl lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that focuses on developing models, theories, and frameworks to understand the structure, organization, and underlying principles of human language
applied linguistics
/ɐplˈaɪd lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a branch of linguistics that applies linguistic theories and methods to practical real-world situations, addressing issues related to language teaching, language learning, language policy, language assessment, and other areas where language has practical implications
formal semantics
/fˈɔːɹməl səmˈæntɪks/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that employs mathematical and logical tools to study the precise meaning and interpretation of language, focusing on the formal representation of meaning using formal languages, logic, and computational methods
cognitive linguistics
/kˈɑːɡnɪtˌɪv lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, cognition, and the mind, examining how language reflects and shapes our cognitive processes and conceptual systems
paleography
/pˌeɪliːoʊɡɹˈæfi/
noun
the study of old handwriting and scripts to understand ancient documents and manuscripts
graphemics
/ɡɹæfˈɛmɪks/
noun
the study of the written representation of language, examining the relationship between written symbols (graphemes) and their corresponding sounds or meanings
semiotics
/ˌsɛmiˈɑtɪks/
noun
the study of signs and symbols and their interpretation, examining how meaning is created, communicated, and understood through various systems of signs, including language, images, gestures, and cultural symbols
phonetics
/fəˈnɛtɪks/
noun
the science and study of speech sounds and their production
acoustic phonetics
/ɐkˈuːstɪk fənˈɛɾɪks/
noun
a branch of phonetics that focuses on the physical properties of sound waves produced during speech, analyzing and describing the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds
auditory phonetics
/ˈɔːdɪtˌoːɹi fənˈɛɾɪks/
noun
a branch of phonetics that examines how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the human auditory system
comparative linguistics
/kəmpˈæɹətˌɪv lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the study of language structures and features across different languages to identify similarities, differences, and historical relationships among them
computational linguistics
/kˌɑːmpjuːtˈeɪʃənəl lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the interdisciplinary field that combines linguistics and computer science to develop algorithms, models, and technologies for the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers
forensic linguistics
/fɚɹˈɛnsɪk lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the application of linguistic analysis and techniques to legal and criminal investigations, including the examination of language evidence to determine authorship, authenticity, and linguistic patterns in legal contexts
anthropological linguistics
/ˌænθɹəpəlˈɑːdʒɪkəl lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language in its cultural and social context, examining the relationship between language, culture, and society
lexicography
/lˌɛksɪkˈɑːɡɹəfi/
noun
the practice and study of compiling, editing, and writing dictionaries, focusing on the principles and methods of dictionary creation
ethnolinguistics
/ˌɛθnoʊlɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, culture, and society, focusing on how language influences and is influenced by the cultural practices, beliefs, and identities of different ethnic groups or communities
cognitive semantics
/kˈɑːɡnɪtˌɪv səmˈæntɪks/
noun
a linguistic discipline that investigates how language meaning is shaped by cognitive processes, such as perception, categorization, and conceptualization, emphasizing the interplay between language and human thought
semasiology
/sˌɛmɐsɪˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning in language, examining how words, signs, and other linguistic units acquire and convey meaning within a particular language or across languages
lexical semantics
/lˈɛksɪkəl səmˈæntɪks/
noun
a branch of linguistics that examines the meaning of individual words and the relationships between them
sign language linguistics
/sˈaɪn lˈæŋɡwɪdʒ lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the field of study that focuses on the structure, grammar, and usage of sign languages used by Deaf communities
sociolinguistics
/sˈoʊsɪˌoʊlɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the interdisciplinary field that examines the relationship between language and society, investigating how social factors such as class, gender, ethnicity, and geographical location influence language variation, language change, and language use in different communities
corpus linguistics
/kˈɔːɹpəs lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the field of study that uses large collections of authentic texts (corpora) to analyze language patterns, usage, and variation, employing quantitative and qualitative methods for empirical linguistic analysis
linguistic typology
/lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪk taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the field of study that classifies and compares languages based on their structural features, aiming to identify and categorize common patterns and variations across different languages worldwide
translation studies
/tɹænslˈeɪʃən stˈʌdɪz/
noun
an interdisciplinary field that examines the theory, practice, and processes of translating texts from one language to another, considering the linguistic, cultural, and social factors involved in the transfer of meaning between languages
contrastive linguistics
/kˈɑːntɹɐstˌɪv lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a branch of linguistics that compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between two or more languages
pragmatics
/pɹæɡmˈæɾɪks/
noun
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used
phonology
/fəˈnɑɫəˌdʒi/
noun
the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of the sounds and sound patterns of language, including the analysis of phonemes, phonological rules, and the organization and systematic patterns of speech sounds within a particular language or languages
psycholinguistics
/sˌaɪkoʊlɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the study of how language is processed, produced, and acquired in the human mind
neurolinguistics
/nˌʊɹɹoʊlɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
the study of the relationship between language and the brain's structure and function
syntax
/ˈsɪnˌtæks/
noun
the branch of linguistics that studies the structure, organization, and rules governing the arrangement of words and phrases to form sentences in a language
geolinguistics
/dʒˌiːoʊlɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language variation and change across geographic regions
discourse analysis
/dˈɪskoːɹs ɐnˈæləsˌɪs/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that employs a methodological approach to investigate language in its broader social and cultural context, examining the structures, patterns, and functions of communication
synchronic linguistics
/sɪnkɹˈɑːnɪk lɪŋɡwˈɪstɪks/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that examines language as it exists at a specific moment in time, without considering its historical development or changes over time
phraseology
/ˌfɹeɪziˈɔɫɔdʒi/
noun
the study of fixed and conventionalized expressions, including idioms, collocations, and formulaic language, which play a significant role in language use and communication
syntactic typology
/sɪntˈæktɪk taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the study of the structural patterns and features of languages from a comparative perspective
phonological typology
/fˌɑːnəlˈɑːdʒɪkəl taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a branch of linguistics that examines and categorizes the phonological systems and processes across different languages
semantic typology
/səmˈæntɪk taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a branch of linguistics that focuses on the categorization and comparison of semantic features and structures found in different languages
diachronic typology
/dˌaɪəkɹˈɑːnɪk taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language change over time and how it affects typological patterns
lexical typology
/lˈɛksɪkəl taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the study of how languages differ in terms of their lexical features, including word classes, derivational processes, and semantic categories
pragmatic typology
/pɹæɡmˈæɾɪk taɪpˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the investigation of how languages vary in their use of pragmatic features and strategies, such as politeness, deixis, discourse structure, and speech acts, to achieve effective communication
philology
/fɪlˈɑːlədʒi/
noun
the study of language, literature, and historical texts to understand their origins, development, and cultural context, encompassing areas such as linguistics, textual criticism, and literary analysis
phonotactics
/fˌɑːnoʊtˈæktɪks/
noun
a branch of phonology that specifically focuses on the study of the rules and patterns governing the arrangement of sounds within a language
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