Chemistry

reactant

noun

/rɪæk.tənt/ or /riāk.tēnt/

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a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

catalyst

noun

/kæ.tə.ləst/ or /kā.tē.lēst/

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(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalysis

noun

/kæ.tæ.lə.sɪs/ or /kā.tā.lē.sis/

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the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

covalent bond

noun

/kˈoʊveɪlənt bˈɑːnd/

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a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

isomer

noun

/aɪ.sə.mɜr/ or /ai.sē.mēr/

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any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

polymer

noun

/pɑ.lə.mɜr/ or /paa.lē.mēr/

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a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

monomer

noun

/mɑ.nə.mɜr/ or /maa.nē.mēr/

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a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

hydrocarbon

noun

/haɪd.roʊ.kɑr.bən/ or /haid.rooo.kaar.bēn/

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a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

ester

noun

/ɛs.tɜr/ or /es.tēr/

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a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

aldehyde

noun

/æl.dɪ.haɪd/ or /āl.di.haid/

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an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

alcohol

noun

/æl.kə.hɑl/ or /āl.kē.haal/

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a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

ketone

noun

/ki.toʊn/ or /ki.tooon/

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an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

oxidation-reduction

noun

/ˌɑːksɪdˈeɪʃənɹɪdˈʌkʃən/

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a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

molarity

noun

/moʊ.læ.rɪ.ti/ or /mooo.lā.ri.ti/

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the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

electrolyte

noun

/ɪ.lɛkt.rɑ.laɪt/ or /i.lekt.raa.lait/

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a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

colloid

noun

/kɑ.lɔɪd/ or /kaa.lawid/

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a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

alkali

noun

/æl.kə.laɪ/ or /āl.kē.lai/

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any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

ammonia

noun

/ə.moʊn.jə/ or /ē.mooon.yē/

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a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

alloy

noun

/æ.lɔɪ/ or /ā.lawi/

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a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

halogen

noun

/hæ.lə.ʤən/ or /hā.lē.jēn/

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a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

isotope

noun

/aɪ.sə.toʊp/ or /ai.sē.tooop/

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each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

noble gas

noun

/nˈoʊbəl ɡˈæs/

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any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

emulsion

noun

/ɪ.məl.ʃən/ or /i.mēl.shēn/

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a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

half-life

noun

/hˈæf lˈaɪf/

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the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

depleted uranium

noun

/dɪplˈiːɾᵻd jʊɹˈeɪniəm/

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a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

solvent

noun

/sɑl.vənt/ or /saal.vēnt/

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a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

charged

Adjective

/ʧɑrʤd/ or /chaarjd/

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having an electric charge