benign

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malignant

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latent

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chronic

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syndrome

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affliction

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ailment

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A prognosis is a professional prediction about how a disease or medical condition is likely to progress and what the outcome might be. It is based on a patient’s current health, medical history, and test results. A prognosis helps guess how well a patient might recover, the potential for complications, and the overall future of their health.

What is a "prognosis"?

prognosis

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contagion

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An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects a large number of people within a community, region, or population at the same time, in contrast to a pandemic, which is a global outbreak of a disease. An epidemic often involves illnesses that were previously controlled or uncommon in the area. The spread can happen through person-to-person contact, contaminated food or water, or other methods. Public health measures, such as vaccination, quarantine, and hygiene practices, are typically used to control and prevent further spread of the disease.

What is an "epidemic"?

epidemic

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life-threatening

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asymptomatic

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Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. It is a crucial part of the immune system's defense process, helping to isolate and remove harmful substances, and start the healing process. Inflammation can be acute, lasting for a short period as the body deals with an immediate threat, or chronic, lasting for a longer time and potentially leading to various health issues if not properly managed. Common causes of inflammation include infections, injuries, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to irritants. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve rest, medications, and other therapies to reduce symptoms and promote healing.

What is "inflammation"?

inflammation

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Glaucoma is an eye condition that damages the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. It is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye, which can gradually harm the optic nerve fibers responsible for transferring visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage can lead to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can progress slowly and without symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. Treatment for glaucoma typically involves medications to lower eye pressure, laser therapy, or surgery to improve drainage of fluid from the eye. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing glaucoma and protecting vision. Regular eye exams can help detect glaucoma early, allowing for quick treatment to prevent vision loss.

What is "glaucoma"?

glaucoma

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Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's response to an infection causes widespread inflammation, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and potentially death. It typically begins with an infection in the lungs, urinary system, abdomen, or other parts of the body. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, chills, rapid breathing and heart rate, confusion, and extreme pain or discomfort. Early detection and immediate treatment with antibiotics and fluids given through a vein are crucial to improve outcomes. Serious cases may require close monitoring in a hospital, including medications to support blood pressure and breathing machines to help with breathing.

What is "sepsis"?

sepsis

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fatty liver

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steatosis

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An allergy is a reaction by the immune system to something that is normally harmless to most people. These substances, called allergens, can trigger symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, runny nose, and skin rash. Common allergens include pollen, dust particles, pet dander, certain foods, and insect stings. Allergic reactions can range from mild to intense, and in some cases, they can be life-threatening. Treatment for allergies may include avoiding triggers, taking medications such as antihistamines or nasal sprays, and in serious cases, receiving allergy shots. It is important to identify and manage allergies to improve the quality of life and prevent serious complications.

What is an "allergy"?

allergy

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A concussion is a type of brain injury that occurs when the head experiences a sudden, forceful impact or rapid movement change. This can happen due to accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents. Concussions can cause various symptoms such as headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, and temporary loss of consciousness. While most concussions are mild and resolve on their own with rest, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management, especially if symptoms worsen or persist. Recovery typically involves physical and mental rest until symptoms improve, followed by a gradual return to normal activities under medical supervision.

What is a "concussion"?

concussion

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autism

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hypertension

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cardiovascular disease

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Tuberculosis, often referred to as TB, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms of TB may include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood or phlegm, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it highly contagious. While TB can be serious if left untreated, it is curable with antibiotics. Treatment typically involves a combination of several medications taken over several months. Prevention measures include early detection, isolation of infected individuals, and vaccination in regions where TB is common.

What is "tuberculosis"?

tuberculosis

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Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can clog the airways and blocks the pancreas, the organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes to help digest food and hormones. Symptoms of cystic fibrosis vary but often include persistent coughing, frequent lung infections, difficulty breathing, poor growth, and digestive problems such as difficulty digesting food and absorbing nutrients. Cystic fibrosis is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing medical care. Treatment typically involves medications to thin mucus, prevent infections, improve lung function, and support digestion, as well as therapies and exercise to help clear mucus from the lungs.

What is "cystic fibrosis"?

cystic fibrosis

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Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes infected with the yellow fever virus. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice, which gives the disease its name due to the yellowing of the skin and eyes. In severe cases, yellow fever can lead to organ failure and death. The disease is primarily found in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent yellow fever, and travelers to affected areas are often advised to get vaccinated before their trip. Additionally, controlling mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites can help reduce the risk of catching the disease.

What is "yellow fever"?

yellow fever

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virulent

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Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restful sleep. It can result in daytime fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and weakened performance at work or school. Insomnia can be caused by various factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, medications, or poor sleep habits. Treatment may involve addressing underlying issues, such as managing stress or treating medical conditions, as well as practicing good sleep habits, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a relaxing bedtime routine. In some cases, medications or therapy may be recommended to help improve sleep quality.

What is "insomnia"?

insomnia

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Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive buildup of body fat, which can negatively impact health. It is commonly measured using the body mass index (BMI), where a BMI of 30 or higher is classified as obese. Causes of obesity include a combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and certain medical conditions. Obesity increases the risk of various health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. Managing obesity typically involves lifestyle changes like adopting a healthier diet, increasing physical activity, and sometimes medical treatments or surgery.

What is "obesity"?

obesity

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Trauma refers to a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that overwhelms a person's ability to cope. It can result from various events, such as accidents, abuse, natural disasters, or witnessing harm to others. Trauma can have long-lasting effects on an individual's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Common responses to trauma include feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror, as well as symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders, and difficulties in relationships or daily functioning. Treatment for trauma often involves therapy, support groups, and coping strategies to help individuals process their experiences, reduce symptoms, and promote healing.

What is "trauma"?

trauma

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attention deficit disorder

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Dementia is a mental condition characterized by a decline in mental abilities, including memory loss, difficulty with reasoning, judgment, and communication, and changes in behavior. It is typically caused by damage or disease in the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke. Dementia can significantly impact a person's ability to function independently and may affect their quality of life. Treatment for dementia focuses on managing symptoms, providing support to the individual and their caregivers, and addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to the dementia.

What is "dementia"?

dementia

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Mumps is a contagious viral infection that mainly affects the glands that produce saliva, causing them to swell. It is caused by the mumps virus, which spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms typically include swollen and tender glands, especially around the jaw, along with fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Mumps can also lead to complications such as inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, deafness, or meningitis. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing mumps and is typically given as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

What is "mumps"?

mumps

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Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It primarily affects children and is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red, spotty skin rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

What is "measles"?

measles

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of the circumstances. This condition can significantly affect daily activities. Narcolepsy typically involves a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, as well as sleep paralysis and hallucinations. It is believed to be caused by a lack of hypocretin, a neurotransmitter that controls wakefulness and REM sleep. Treatment usually involves medication and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms.

What is "narcolepsy"?

narcolepsy

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gigantism

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restless leg syndrome

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Dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by redness, itching, and inflammation of the skin. It can have various causes, including allergic reactions, irritants, or underlying medical conditions. Symptoms may include rash, dryness, scaling, and sometimes blisters or oozing of the skin. Dermatitis can develop suddenly and last for a short time, or persist or recur over a longer period. Treatment typically involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and ointments to relieve symptoms, and, in some cases, oral medications or light therapy may be prescribed. With proper management, most cases of dermatitis can be effectively controlled.

What is "dermatitis"?

dermatitis

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fester

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Here you will learn some English words related to diseases and pathology, such as "malignant", "prognosis", "sepsis", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

SAT Disease and Pathology Vocabulary

Disease and Pathology

English Words for "Disease and Pathology" | SAT Vocabulary