Biology

culture

noun

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /kal.chēr/

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the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolism

noun

/mə.tæ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ or /mē.tā.bē.li.zēm/

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the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

specimen

noun

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /spe.sē.mēn/

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a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

strain

noun

/streɪn/ or /strein/

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a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

Verb

/ɪksk.rit/ or /iksk.rit/

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to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

noun

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yoo.ka.riooot/

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a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

meiosis

noun

/maɪoʊss/ or /maioooss/

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a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

mitosis

noun

/maɪ.toʊ.sɪs/ or /mai.tooo.sis/

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a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

prophase

noun

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /prooo.feiz/

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the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

noun

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /me.tē.feiz/

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the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

anaphase

noun

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /ā.na.feiz/

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the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

noun

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /te.lē.feiz/

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the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

Verb

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /baiooo.dig.reid/

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to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biometrics

noun

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /baiooo.met.riks/

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a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

mucus

noun

/mju.kəs/ or /myoo.kēs/

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a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

microbiology

noun

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /maik.rooo.baiaa.lē.ji/

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the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

virion

noun

/vɪ.riən/ or /vi.riēn/

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a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

noun

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /kēn.di.shē.ning/

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the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

anthropogenic

Adjective

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /ānth.rē.pē.je.nik/

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refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

ecotourism

noun

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /e.kooo.too.ri.zēm/

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tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

motility

noun

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /mooo.ti.li.ti/

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the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

noun

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /praa.tist/

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a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

Adjective

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /haa.maa.lē.gēs/

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reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

noun

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /baiooo.loo.mē.nes.ēns/

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the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

noun

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /haid.rawid/

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a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

mycelium

noun

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /mai.si.liēm/

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the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

Adjective

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /myoo.chooē.list/

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(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

Adjective

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /kē.men.sēl/

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describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

to assimilate

Verb

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /ē.si.mē.leit/

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(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

noun

/spɔr/ or /spawr/

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a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

noun

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /baiooo.mās/

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the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomic

Adjective

/tæk.sə.nɑ:.mɪk/ or /tāk.sē.naa.mik/

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related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

petri dish

noun

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

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a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

virulent

Adjective

/vɪ.rə.lənt/ or /vi.rē.lēnt/

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(of a disease) able to make one sick

decomposition

noun

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

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the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

noun

/səbs.treɪt/ or /sēbs.treit/

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the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

ameba

noun

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.bē/

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a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

physiologist

noun

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /fi.ziaa.lē.jist/

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a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

genus

noun

/ʤi.nəs/ or /ji.nēs/

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(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family