aspirate
/ˈæspɝˌeɪt/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced accompanying a strong expulsion of air
closed syllable
/klˈoʊzd sˈɪləbəl/
noun
(phonetics) a syllable that consists of one vowel that is followed by a consonant, ending the syllable
consonant
/ˈkɑnsənənt/
noun
‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose
continuant
/kəntˈɪnjuːənt/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through
vowel
/ˈvaʊəɫ/
noun
‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose
consonant
/ˈkɑnsənənt/
noun
‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose
palatal
/pˈælæɾəl/
noun
(phonetics) a speech sound produced by the blade of tongue near or touching the hard palate or the back of the roof of mouth
phoneme
/ˈfoʊnim/
noun
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation
alveolar
/æɫˈviəɫɝ/
noun
a sound produced with the tip or blade of the tongue touching or near the alveolar ridge
diphthong
/ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ/
noun
(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable
postalveolar consonant
/pˌoʊstɐlvɪˈoʊlɚ kˈɑːnsənənt/
noun
a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue near or touching the area just behind the alveolar ridge
dental consonant
/dˈɛntəl kˈɑːnsənənt/
noun
a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue in contact with or close to the upper front teeth
affricate
/ˈæfɹəkət/
noun
a specific type of consonant sound that begins as a stop consonant and releases into a fricative, characterized by a brief period of complete closure followed by a slow release of air
fricative
/fɹˈɪkətˌɪv/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through
lateral consonant
/lˈæɾɚɹəl kˈɑːnsənənt/
noun
a specific type of consonant sound produced by allowing air to flow over the sides of the tongue, while maintaining closure in the center of the mouth
plosive
/ˈpɫoʊsɪv/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is produced by a sudden stop of the airflow and releasing it again, using the lips, teeth or palate
pitch
/ˈpɪtʃ/
noun
the degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it
prosody
/ˈpɹɑsədi/
noun
(phonetics) a subdivision of phonetics dealing with stress and intonation
schwa
/ˈʃwɑ/
noun
(phonetics) an unstressed central vowel that is produced with the tongue in a lax position, represented by /ə/ symbol
sibilant
/sˈɪbɪlənt/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that makes a hissing sound when pronounced
stress
/ˈstɹɛs/
noun
(phonetics) an added force when pronouncing a syllable or word
velar
/vˈɛlɚ/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant pronounced by the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate
stress mark
/stɹˈɛs mˈɑːɹk/
noun
a symbol that indicates which syllable in a word is uttered with more emphasis
syllable
/ˈsɪɫəbəɫ/
noun
a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants
trill
/ˈtɹɪɫ/
noun
(phonetics) a /r/ sound that is produced by a rapid vibration of the tongue against the palate
tone
/ˈtoʊn/
noun
(phonetics) a degree of lowness or highness, called pitch, in a language that signifies different meanings
glide
/ˈɡɫaɪd/
noun
(phonetics) a speech sound produced while moving the tongue from its initial position
glottal
/ˈɡɫɑtəɫ/
noun
(phonetics) a speech sound produced by opening and closing the glottis
glottal stop
/ɡlˈɑːɾəl stˈɑːp/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant made by fully closing the glottis releasing an audible airstream
intonation
/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/
noun
(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking
labial
/lˈeɪbɪəl/
noun
(phonetics) a speech sound that is produced using one or both lips
labiodental
/lˌeɪbɪoʊdˈɛntəl/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is uttered using the lips and teeth
labiovelar
/lˈeɪbɪˌoʊvlɚ/
noun
(phonetics) ‌a speech sound that is made by the lips and soft palate
open syllable
/ˈoʊpən sˈɪləbəl/
noun
a syllable that ends with a vowel sound and does not have a consonant sound following it
nasal
/ˈneɪzəɫ/
noun
(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced by resonating the nose with the mouth fully closed
pronunciation
/pɹəˌnənsiˈeɪʃən/, /pɹoʊˌnənsiˈeɪʃən/
noun
the way a word is pronounced
rhythm
/ˈɹɪðəm/
noun
the pattern or arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in speech
primary stress
/pɹˈaɪmɚɹi stɹˈɛs/
noun
(phonetics) the strongest emphasis in a word of two or more syllables when it is uttered
secondary stress
/sˈɛkəndɚɹi stɹˈɛs/
noun
(phonetics) the second strongest emphatic syllable of a word or phrase when it is uttered
IPA
/ˌaɪpˌiːˈeɪ/
noun
a system of symbols used to represent the sounds of human language and facilitating accurate transcription
articulation
/ˌɑɹtɪkjəˈɫeɪʃən/
noun
the physical movements and coordination of speech organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, to produce speech sounds
voice
/ˈvɔɪs/
noun
the sounds that a person makes when speaking or singing
voiced sound
/vˈɔɪst sˈaʊnd/
noun
a speech sound that is produced with the vocal cords vibrating, resulting in a vocalic or resonant quality
voiceless sound
/vˈɔɪsləs sˈaʊnd/
noun
a speech sound produced without vibration of the vocal cords, resulting in the absence of vocal cord involvement in its production
length
/ˈɫɛŋkθ/, /ˈɫɛŋθ/
noun
the duration of a speech sound, whether it is a vowel or a consonant
coarticulation
/ˌkoʊɑɹˈtɪkjuɫeɪʃən/
noun
the phenomenon in which speech sounds overlap or influence each other in their articulation, resulting in modified or assimilated articulatory characteristics
phonetic transcription
/fənˈɛɾɪk tɹænskɹˈɪpʃən/
noun
the representation of speech sounds using a system of symbols that accurately captures the precise articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual properties of the sounds, allowing for detailed phonetic analysis
broad transcription
/bɹˈɔːd tɹænskɹˈɪpʃən/
noun
a type of phonetic transcription that represents the general phonetic characteristics of speech sounds, often using a simplified set of symbols and not indicating fine phonetic details or allophonic variations
narrow transcription
/nˈæɹoʊ tɹænskɹˈɪpʃən/
noun
a detailed form of phonetic transcription that includes additional phonetic symbols and diacritics to represent finer phonetic details such as specific articulatory features, allophonic variations, and suprasegmental aspects of speech
roundness
/ɹˈaʊndnəs/
noun
a feature of vowel sounds in phonetics that describes the shape and position of the lips during their articulation, indicating whether the lips are rounded or unrounded
front vowel
/fɹˈʌnt vˈaʊəl/
noun
a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the front part of the tongue positioned closer to the front of the mouth
back vowel
/bˈæk vˈaʊəl/
noun
a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the back part of the tongue positioned closer to the back of the mouth
tenseness
/tˈɛnsnəs/
noun
a distinction in vowel sounds based on how tense or lax the muscles are when pronouncing them
tense vowel
/tˈɛns vˈaʊəl/
noun
a vowel sound that is produced with greater muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a longer duration and often a more prominent or "tense" quality compared to lax vowels
lax vowel
/lˈæks vˈaʊəl/
noun
a vowel sound that is produced with less muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a shorter duration and a more relaxed or "lax" quality compared to tense vowels
toneme
/tˈoʊniːm/
noun
a distinctive unit of pitch or tone in a particular language or phonological system, representing the phonemic or contrastive aspect of tonal variation
dorsal consonant
/dˈoːɹsəl kˈɑːnsənənt/
noun
a consonant sound produced with the back of the tongue approaching or making contact with the roof of the mouth, such as /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/
interdental
/ˌɪntɚdˈɛntəl/
noun
a consonant sound produced with the tip of the tongue placed between the upper and lower front teeth
phone
/ˈfoʊn/
noun
(phonetics) a distinct sound uttered, considered as a physical occurrence not as a part of the sound system
allophone
/ˈæɫəˌfoʊn/
noun
a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language
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