oral candidiasis
/ˈoːɹəl kˈændɪdˌɪæsiz/
noun
a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat, caused by overgrowth of the Candida fungus, resulting in white patches or sores on the mucous membranes

Examples

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
/ɡˈæstɹoʊɪsˈɑːfədʒˌiəl ɹˈiːflʌks dɪzˈiːz/
noun
a chronic condition where stomach acid consistently backs up into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and other related discomforts

Examples

achalasia
/ɐtʃɐlˈeɪʒə/
noun
a disorder that affects swallowing due to improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
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Examples

1Hot topics in gastroenterology right now are related to new endoscopic surgical techniques such as POEM, or Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy, an endoscopic procedure used to treat swallowing disorders, most commonly for Achalasia.
esophageal rupture
/ɪsˈɑːfədʒˌiəl ɹˈʌptʃɚ/
noun
a tear in the esophageal wall, resulting in severe chest pain and other complications

Examples

gastritis
/ɡæˈstɹaɪtəs/
noun
inflammation of the lining of the stomach; nausea and loss of appetite and discomfort after eating
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Examples

1"You have gastritis, teenage tantrum".
2These vegetables don't only treat the bacteria, but also the ulcer and gastritis.
3He can track the gastritis within days, much sooner than he had expected.
4Coffee may also intensify symptoms of bowel conditions like gastritis, irritable bowel disorder, colitis, and Crohn's disease.
5Olive oil's protective function also has a beneficial effect on ulcers and gastritis.
peptic ulcer disease
/pˈɛptɪk ˈʌlsɚ dɪzˈiːz/
noun
the formation of open sores in the stomach or duodenum due to stomach acid erosion, causing abdominal pain and other symptoms

Examples

autoimmune gastritis
/ˌɔːɾoʊɪmjˈuːn ɡæstɹˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
immune system attack on the stomach lining, causing inflammation, impaired acid production, and related symptoms

Examples

appendicitis
/əˌpɛnˌdɪˈsaɪtɪz/
noun
a severe medical condition in which one's appendix becomes inflamed and painful
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Examples

1I might have appendicitis.
2What causes appendicitis?
3She's suffering from Appendicitis.
4Appendicitis requires immediate medical attention.
5Severe pain on the lower right side of the abdomen could be appendicitis.
food poisoning
/fˈuːd pˈɔɪzənɪŋ/
noun
an illness resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria
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Examples

1My money's on food poisoning.
2Food poisoning can last six to 12 hours.
3Twice, two people had food poisoning.
4Twice, two people had food poisoning.
5Twice, two different people had food poisoning.
cholera
/ˈkɑɫɝə/
noun
a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting
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Examples

1In Yemen, for instance, a massive outbreak of cholera began in 2016 during a Civil War as the sewage system fell apart.
2Medicine can treat cholera.
3During that time, his mother told him folktales and true tales of horror, including her experiences during an outbreak of cholera in 1832.
4When Snow observed the situation in London, he therefore concluded that cholera was spread by tiny fecal particles in the water.
5In England in 1835, cholera killed many people.
amoebic dysentery
/ɐmˈiːbɪk dˈɪsəntɚɹi/
noun
inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea

Examples

Crohn's disease
/kɹˈoʊnz dɪzˈiːz/
noun
a chronic inflammatory bowel condition causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other symptoms with potential complications throughout the body

Examples

ulcerative colitis
/ˈʌlsɚɹətˌɪv kəlˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever and chills and profuse diarrhea
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Examples

1We can see this in two inflammatory bowel conditions call Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis.
hernia
/ˈhɝniə/
noun
a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place
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Examples

1You develop a hernia.
2In some cases, untreated hernias cause complications.
3No hernias, no heart murmurs.
4What exactly is a hernia?
5Hernias are a nightmare!
volvulus
/vˈɑːlvjʊləs/
noun
abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the area of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
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Examples

1These include STI’s like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, to fungi like candida, to parasites like toxoplasmosis or the worm causing river blindness, Onchocerca volvulus.
2This can lead to a large mass in the intestines, which can potentially cause the intestine to become twisted, a condition called volvulus.
3Patients may have presentations that require colonoscopy to be performed for therapeutic reasons such as decompressing a colon that's quite dilated or reducing or decompressing a volvulus which is when the colon will twist on itself causing an obstruction.
intestinal obstruction
/ɪntˈɛstɪnəl əbstɹˈʌkʃən/
noun
blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel

Examples

malabsorption
/mˌælɐbsˈoːɹpʃən/
noun
abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
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Examples

1However, low serum albumin may also result from low protein intake, malabsorption or abnormal loss of proteins in urine.
2This can result from weight loss, eating disorders, excessive exercise, malabsorption syndromes, or emotional stress.
3Malabsorption contributes to weight loss effect.
4This leads to malabsorption of water and nutrients, and can cause a wide variety of symptoms depending on the section of bowel involved.
5Gluten intolerance can interfere with the uptake of iron from food, causing malabsorption.
pancreatitis
/pˌænkɹiːˈeɪtˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain
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Examples

1Got a pancreatitis?
2Some symptoms of pancreatitis include vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and nausea.
3Have you ever experienced pancreatitis?
4Family History Like so many other conditions, pancreatitis is one you may be genetically predisposed to.
5Pancreatitis is an inflammation of your pancreas.
ascending cholangitis
/ɐsˈɛndɪŋ tʃˌɑːlɐndʒˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
a severe bacterial infection in the bile ducts, causing fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain, requiring urgent medical attention

Examples

cholelithiasis
/kˈoʊllɪθˌɪæsiz/
noun
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
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Examples

1Gallstones, or cholelithiasis, is a disease that affects almost 10% of the population.
2Did you know that a family history of gallstones also counts towards the development of cholelithiasis?
3Gallstones or cholelithiasis as they can also be called, is a disease that affects almost 10% of the world’s population, and that’s why we’re talking its causes, symptoms, and natural treatments today.
impaction
/ɪmpˈækʃən/
noun
a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
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Examples

1This can lead to irritation in their GI tract, impaction, and death.
2Don't offer too many mealworms or cockroaches because their exoskeletons can cause impaction.
3Magnesium compounds should be avoided in clients with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, severe renal dysfunction, fecal impaction, rectal bleeding and if they have a colostomy or ileostomy in place.
4And a lot of times, the reason why my patients come in is as a result of cerumen impaction or ear wax blockages.
5A recent report stated that pumpkin seeds were linked to a solid mass that incited fecal impaction.
jaundice
/ˈdʒɔndəs/
noun
a medical condition in which one's skin or the whites in one's eyes turn yellow, caused by a liver disease or blockage of the bile duct
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Examples

1Other signs include jaundice, a result of rapid destruction of heme.
2Newborns with biliary atresia usually develop jaundice.
3Jaundice affects two-thirds of newborns around the world.
4Everyone's had jaundice.
5- I had really bad jaundice.
irritable bowel syndrome
/ˈɪɹɪɾəbəl bˈaʊəl sˈɪndɹoʊm/
noun
a common bowel disorder that is characterized by diarrhea or constipation and is often tied to stress or worry
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Examples

1Is it A, a girafee with irritable bowel syndrome?
2Colitis is different from Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
3Some of the main reasons behind a painful release of stool are irritable bowel syndrome, inflammation, colorectal cancer, and constipation.
4This condition is also associated with other chronic disorders like irritable bowel syndrome.
5The juice may also help you with irritable bowel syndrome and other inflammatory disorders of the intestines.
dysentery
/ˈdɪsənˌtɛɹi/
noun
an infection in one's intestines that causes severe diarrhea containing blood or mucus
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Examples

1On the journey to Scotland, however, the king contracted dysentery.
2In October, he actually came down with dysentery.
3No one got dysentery.
4And gave you dysentery.
5She definitely has dysentery.
dyspepsia
/dɪspˈɛpsiə/
noun
a severe or recurring pain localized in the upper abdomen and characterized by nausea, bloating, or vomiting
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Examples

1It is important in cases of pancreatic insufficiency, dyspepsia, pancreatitis, and steatorrhea.
2It aids the digestion of proteins in patients that suffer from chronic dyspepsia and gastritis.
3Hurry is the father of dyspepsia.
4Relieves Indigestion: Grapes play an important role in dyspepsia, or indigestion.
5This should be a first choice in combating dyspepsia before antacids as they can cause side-effects like constipation, disrupted protein digestion and higher risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
diarrhoea
/ˌdaɪɝˈiə/
noun
a condition in which liquid faeces are frequently discharged from the bowels, particularly due to illness
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Examples

1Poor sanitation can lead to diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera outbreaks, and other serious issues if not contained.
2He had serious diarrhoea.
3More so, excessive eating of the fruit may cause diarrhoea and other digestive problems due to the fructose it contains.
4From insomnia to diarrhoea, your body gives you many indications.
5Do you get diarrhoea often?
constipation
/ˌkɑnstəˈpeɪʃən/
noun
a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels
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Examples

1Other symptoms or signs of ovarian cancer include constipation, diarrhea, nausea, indigestion and heartburn.
2The second problem is constipation.
3This prevents constipation.
4The fiber content of sweet potatoes relieves constipation.
5Constipation is a very common cause of belly button pain.
hookworm disease
/hˈʊkwɜːm dɪzˈiːz/
noun
infestation of the intestines by hookworms which enter the body (usually) through the skin

Examples

enteritis
/ˌɛntɚɹˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine); usually characterized by diarrhea
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Examples

1In fact, the top three causes of death were infectious disease at this time- namely, pneumonia and flu, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis.
gastroenteritis
/ɡˌæstɹoʊntɚɹˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
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Examples

1I had a severe case of gastroenteritis, a viral infection causing inflammation in the stomach and intestines.
2My man here probably has a viral gastroenteritis and he's gonna wake up vomiting and having diarrhea in the morning.
3He has no gastroenteritis.
4- Sounds like gastroenteritis and dehydration.
5House, it's gastroenteritis.
biliary colic
/baɪlˈaɪɚɹi kˈɑːlɪk/
noun
sudden, severe abdominal pain caused by temporary blockage of the bile ducts, often due to gallstones

Examples

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You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!