becker muscular dystrophy
/bˈɛkɚ mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nouna form of muscular dystrophy that sets in in adolescence or adulthood and progresses slowly but will affect all voluntary muscles; characterized by generalized weakness and muscle wasting that affects limb and trunk muscles first; similar to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy but less severe; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
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duchenne's muscular dystrophy
/dˈʌtʃənz mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nounthe most common form of muscular dystrophy; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
Examples
distal muscular dystrophy
/dɪstˈæl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nouna form of muscular dystrophy that sets in between 40 and 60 years of age and is characterized by weakness and wasting of the muscles of the hands and forearms and lower legs; inheritance is autosomal dominant
Examples
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
/fˈeɪsɪˌɑːskɐpjˌʊloʊhjˌuːmɚɹəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nouna genetic muscle disorder causing progressive weakness in facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, typically starting in adolescence or adulthood
Examples
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
/lˈɪmɡˈɜːdəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nounan autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy that appears anywhere from late childhood to middle age; characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle; usually progresses slowly with cardiopulmonary complications in the later stages
Examples
myotonic muscular dystrophy
/mˌaɪətˈɑːnɪk mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nouna severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by generalized weakness and muscular wasting that affects the face and feet and hands and neck; difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips; the onset can be any time from birth to middle age and the progression is slow; inheritance is autosomal dominant
Examples
oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
/ˈɑːkjʊlˌɑːfɑːɹˌɪndʒiəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
nouna form of muscular dystrophy that usually begins between early adulthood and middle age and first affects muscles of the eyelid and throat; progresses slowly with swallowing problems common as the disease progresses; inheritance is autosomal dominant
Examples
myopathy
/maɪˈɑːpəθi/
nounany pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
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Examples
1. Primary mitochondrial myopathy is a rare genetic disorder that occurs when there are mutated mitochondria in muscle cells, especially skeletal muscle cells.
2. Primary mitochondrial myopathy is caused by a mutation either in the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA, which results in the abnormal production of mitochondrial proteins, impairing the function of the electron transport chain.
3. The exception is the mitochondrial DNA single deletion, a common cause of primary mitochondrial myopathy, which is always sporadic and cannot be transmitted to the offspring.
4. In primary mitochondrial myopathy, muscle cells are unable to generate ATP, which results in muscle weakness and fatigue.
5. While there's no cure for primary mitochondrial myopathy, there are treatment options.
rhabdomyolysis
/ɹˌæbdəmɪˈɑːləsˌɪs/
nounmuscle tissue breakdown leading to myoglobin release, which can potentially cause kidney damage and other symptoms
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1. Often made from a hippo or rhino hide and used by cattle herders in South African police during apartheid, this thing can cause enough damage to experience symptoms of crushed syndrome, which leads to kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis, which kills muscle fibers and releases it into the bloodstream.
2. Most people with mild hypophosphatemia have no symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia can cause muscle weakness, weak bones or osteomalacia, and rhabdomyolysis which is a type of kidney damage due to muscle breakdown, as well as an altered mental status.
3. This includes things like crush injuries, like when a piano falls on someone’s legs, or tumor lysis syndrome, which is cancer treatment which causes lots of tumor cells to die all at once, or rhabdomyolysis, or rapid destruction of skeletal muscle cells.
4. A different example would be tissue injury, like burns, rhabdomyolysis, and tumor lysis syndrome where large numbers of cells die releasing intracellular phosphate into the blood.
5. However, dark brown urine, rusty urine, or coca cola-colored urine can be a sign of rhabdomyolysis.
myasthenia gravis
/mˌaɪɐsθˈiːniə ɡɹˈævɪs/
nouna chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
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1. A few weeks after that, I was diagnosed and hospitalized in critical condition with Myasthenia Gravis.
2. So today, I carry a cane for the Myasthenia Gravis.
3. But there are days when the bipolar disorder or the ovarian disease, or the Myasthenia Gravis, or all of the above win.
4. But what happens in myasthenia gravis though?
5. Finally, a lot of people with myasthenia gravis undergo surgical removal of the thymus.
cardiomyopathy
/kˌɑːɹdɪˌoʊmɪˈɑːpəθi/
nouna disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
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Examples
1. A case of peripartum cardiomyopathy, which is extremely rare.
2. Cardiomyopathy reduces blood output, and may lead to heart failure.
3. Ataxia, diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result.
4. Now several mechanisms can lead to stiffer heart muscles and restrictive cardiomyopathies.
5. Heavy drinking can also contribute to cardiomyopathy, a disorder that affects the heart muscle.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
/ˌæmɪətɹˈɑːfɪk lˈæɾɚɹəl skləɹˈoʊsɪs/
nounthickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
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1. Samuel because of his Cerebral Palsy, Connolly because he'd developed Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, and had lost his ability to speak.
sarcopenia
/sˌɑːɹkoʊpˈiːniə/
nounage-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased physical performance and increased health risks
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Examples
1. And then most people would say that way out here in the stratosphere somewhere, there is this other fourth completely different thing which is not like diseases at all, this thing called aging itself, which consists of these rather nebulous, rather nonspecific phenomena, like frailty and sarcopenia, which means the loss of muscle as we get older, and immunosenescence, the declining function of the immune system.
polymyositis
/pˌɑːlɪmɪəsˈaɪɾɪs/
nounmyositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling; progression and severity vary among individuals
Examples
dermatomyositis
/dˌɜːmɐtˌɑːmɪəsˈaɪɾɪs/
nounmyositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling accompanied by skin rash affecting cheeks and eyelids and neck and chest and limbs; progression and severity vary among individuals
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Examples
1. so um but it was funny in the mid 80s I remember I was a just starting in med school I was in research on coxsackievirus and it's a potential role and juvenile dermatomyositis so again viral viral the role of a virus in a new mediated autoimmune disease and kids there's just a recurring theme here
ataxia
/ˈeɪˈtæksiə/
nouninability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
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Examples
1. Friedreich’s ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the FXN gene where there is an abnormal repetition of a GAA sequence within that gene.
2. In the nervous system, the loss of neurons leads to ataxia.
3. All right, quick recap, Friedreich’s ataxia is the repeat of the FXN gene on chromosome 9.
4. Ataxia, diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result.
5. In fact, most toddlers with OMS are initially misdiagnosed with acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood.
arthritis
/ɑɹˈθɹaɪtəs/, /ɑɹˈθɹaɪtɪs/
nouna painful condition in which one's joints become stiff or swollen
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Examples
1. Arthritis is painful.
2. The main exception to this rule is arthritis.
3. She has arthritis.
4. The most common disease of joints is arthritis.
5. This pain includes arthritis.
gout
/ˈɡaʊt/
nouna painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
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Examples
1. - I got gout.
2. He got the gout!
3. As a result, it prevents gout attacks.
4. Kombucha’s toxin removal action can provide relief from gout, arthritis, and kidney stones.
5. Actually, gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid.
osteoarthritis
/ˌɑstiˌoʊɑɹˈθɹaɪtəs/
nounchronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
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1. The most common condition is osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease.
2. The most common condition is osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease.
3. This is called osteoarthritis.
4. Out of the population of American adults with arthritis, osteoarthritis affects 32 million of them.
5. This condition is osteoarthritis.
scoliosis
/skˈoʊlɪˈoʊsɪs/
nounan abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
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Examples
1. In some cases, scoliosis may be present at birth.
2. This guy has pure scoliosis now.
3. This guy has pure scoliosis now.
4. I have scoliosis.
5. Oh, they have scoliosis?
Paget’s disease
/pˈæɡɪts dɪzˈiːz/
nouna chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones with associated symptoms such as bone pain and fractures
Examples
bursitis
/bɜːsˈaɪɾɪs/
nouninflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder
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Examples
1. Thanks to its immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory action, yellow uxi can aid in the treatment of arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, and other diseases, like asthma, diabetes, prostatitis, stomach ulcers, and heart issues.
2. It is very efficient to treat arthrosis, arthritis, fibromyalgia, bursitis, tendonitis, contusions, muscle distensions, and rheumatism.
3. Anti-inflammatory This substance induces the production of endogenous corticosteroids, and is used to treat arthritis, neuritis, tendonitis, bursitis, sports lesions, and tonsillitis.
4. You can have a bruise that can later into bursitis.
5. The bark of cat's claw has traditionally been used to treat arthritis, bursitis and intestinal disorders.
rickets
/ˈɹɪkɪts/
nouna condition in children in which bones soften and become more susceptible to fractures and irregularities due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate
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Examples
1. Vote for RICKETS, THAT's NOVEMBER.
tennis elbow
/tˈɛnᵻs ˈɛlboʊ/
nounpainful inflammation of the tendon at the outer border of the elbow resulting from overuse of lower arm muscles (as in twisting of the hand)
Examples
cumulative trauma disorder
/kjˈuːmjʊlətˌɪv tɹˈɔːmə dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
nouna condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged, repetitive use of certain muscles, tendons, or nerves, leading to pain, inflammation, and functional impairment in affected areas
Examples