becker muscular dystrophy
/bˈɛkɚ mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in in adolescence or adulthood and progresses slowly but will affect all voluntary muscles; characterized by generalized weakness and muscle wasting that affects limb and trunk muscles first; similar to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy but less severe; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)

Examples

duchenne's muscular dystrophy
/dˈʌtʃənz mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
the most common form of muscular dystrophy; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)

Examples

distal muscular dystrophy
/dɪstˈæl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in between 40 and 60 years of age and is characterized by weakness and wasting of the muscles of the hands and forearms and lower legs; inheritance is autosomal dominant

Examples

facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
/fˈeɪsɪˌɑːskɐpjˌʊloʊhjˌuːmɚɹəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
a genetic muscle disorder causing progressive weakness in facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, typically starting in adolescence or adulthood

Examples

limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
/lˈɪmɡˈɜːdəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy that appears anywhere from late childhood to middle age; characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle; usually progresses slowly with cardiopulmonary complications in the later stages

Examples

myotonic muscular dystrophy
/mˌaɪətˈɑːnɪk mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by generalized weakness and muscular wasting that affects the face and feet and hands and neck; difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips; the onset can be any time from birth to middle age and the progression is slow; inheritance is autosomal dominant

Examples

oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
/ˈɑːkjʊlˌɑːfɑːɹˌɪndʒiəl mˈʌskjʊlɚ dˈɪstɹəfi/
noun
a form of muscular dystrophy that usually begins between early adulthood and middle age and first affects muscles of the eyelid and throat; progresses slowly with swallowing problems common as the disease progresses; inheritance is autosomal dominant

Examples

myopathy
/maɪˈɑːpəθi/
noun
any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
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Examples

1Primary mitochondrial myopathy is a rare genetic disorder that occurs when there are mutated mitochondria in muscle cells, especially skeletal muscle cells.
2Primary mitochondrial myopathy is caused by a mutation either in the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA, which results in the abnormal production of mitochondrial proteins, impairing the function of the electron transport chain.
3The exception is the mitochondrial DNA single deletion, a common cause of primary mitochondrial myopathy, which is always sporadic and cannot be transmitted to the offspring.
4In primary mitochondrial myopathy, muscle cells are unable to generate ATP, which results in muscle weakness and fatigue.
5While there's no cure for primary mitochondrial myopathy, there are treatment options.
rhabdomyolysis
/ɹˌæbdəmɪˈɑːləsˌɪs/
noun
muscle tissue breakdown leading to myoglobin release, which can potentially cause kidney damage and other symptoms
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Examples

1Often made from a hippo or rhino hide and used by cattle herders in South African police during apartheid, this thing can cause enough damage to experience symptoms of crushed syndrome, which leads to kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis, which kills muscle fibers and releases it into the bloodstream.
2Most people with mild hypophosphatemia have no symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia can cause muscle weakness, weak bones or osteomalacia, and rhabdomyolysis which is a type of kidney damage due to muscle breakdown, as well as an altered mental status.
3This includes things like crush injuries, like when a piano falls on someone’s legs, or tumor lysis syndrome, which is cancer treatment which causes lots of tumor cells to die all at once, or rhabdomyolysis, or rapid destruction of skeletal muscle cells.
4A different example would be tissue injury, like burns, rhabdomyolysis, and tumor lysis syndrome where large numbers of cells die releasing intracellular phosphate into the blood.
5However, dark brown urine, rusty urine, or coca cola-colored urine can be a sign of rhabdomyolysis.
myasthenia gravis
/mˌaɪɐsθˈiːniə ɡɹˈævɪs/
noun
a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
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Examples

1A few weeks after that, I was diagnosed and hospitalized in critical condition with Myasthenia Gravis.
2So today, I carry a cane for the Myasthenia Gravis.
3But there are days when the bipolar disorder or the ovarian disease, or the Myasthenia Gravis, or all of the above win.
4But what happens in myasthenia gravis though?
5Finally, a lot of people with myasthenia gravis undergo surgical removal of the thymus.
cardiomyopathy
/kˌɑːɹdɪˌoʊmɪˈɑːpəθi/
noun
a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
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Examples

1A case of peripartum cardiomyopathy, which is extremely rare.
2Cardiomyopathy reduces blood output, and may lead to heart failure.
3Ataxia, diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result.
4Now several mechanisms can lead to stiffer heart muscles and restrictive cardiomyopathies.
5Heavy drinking can also contribute to cardiomyopathy, a disorder that affects the heart muscle.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
/ˌæmɪətɹˈɑːfɪk lˈæɾɚɹəl skləɹˈoʊsɪs/
noun
thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
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Examples

1Samuel because of his Cerebral Palsy, Connolly because he'd developed Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, and had lost his ability to speak.
sarcopenia
/sˌɑːɹkoʊpˈiːniə/
noun
age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased physical performance and increased health risks
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Examples

1And then most people would say that way out here in the stratosphere somewhere, there is this other fourth completely different thing which is not like diseases at all, this thing called aging itself, which consists of these rather nebulous, rather nonspecific phenomena, like frailty and sarcopenia, which means the loss of muscle as we get older, and immunosenescence, the declining function of the immune system.
polymyositis
/pˌɑːlɪmɪəsˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
myositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling; progression and severity vary among individuals

Examples

dermatomyositis
/dˌɜːmɐtˌɑːmɪəsˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
myositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling accompanied by skin rash affecting cheeks and eyelids and neck and chest and limbs; progression and severity vary among individuals
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Examples

1so um but it was funny in the mid 80s I remember I was a just starting in med school I was in research on coxsackievirus and it's a potential role and juvenile dermatomyositis so again viral viral the role of a virus in a new mediated autoimmune disease and kids there's just a recurring theme here
ataxia
/ˈeɪˈtæksiə/
noun
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
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Examples

1Friedreich’s ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the FXN gene where there is an abnormal repetition of a GAA sequence within that gene.
2In the nervous system, the loss of neurons leads to ataxia.
3All right, quick recap, Friedreich’s ataxia is the repeat of the FXN gene on chromosome 9.
4Ataxia, diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result.
5In fact, most toddlers with OMS are initially misdiagnosed with acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood.
arthritis
/ɑɹˈθɹaɪtəs/, /ɑɹˈθɹaɪtɪs/
noun
a painful condition in which one's joints become stiff or swollen
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Examples

1Arthritis is painful.
2The main exception to this rule is arthritis.
3She has arthritis.
4The most common disease of joints is arthritis.
5This pain includes arthritis.
gout
/ˈɡaʊt/
noun
a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
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Examples

1- I got gout.
2He got the gout!
3As a result, it prevents gout attacks.
4Kombucha’s toxin removal action can provide relief from gout, arthritis, and kidney stones.
5Actually, gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid.
osteoarthritis
/ˌɑstiˌoʊɑɹˈθɹaɪtəs/
noun
chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
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Examples

1The most common condition is osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease.
2The most common condition is osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease.
3This is called osteoarthritis.
4Out of the population of American adults with arthritis, osteoarthritis affects 32 million of them.
5This condition is osteoarthritis.
scoliosis
/skˈoʊlɪˈoʊsɪs/
noun
an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
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Examples

1In some cases, scoliosis may be present at birth.
2This guy has pure scoliosis now.
3This guy has pure scoliosis now.
4I have scoliosis.
5Oh, they have scoliosis?
Paget’s disease
/pˈæɡɪts dɪzˈiːz/
noun
a chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones with associated symptoms such as bone pain and fractures

Examples

bursitis
/bɜːsˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder
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Examples

1Thanks to its immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory action, yellow uxi can aid in the treatment of arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, and other diseases, like asthma, diabetes, prostatitis, stomach ulcers, and heart issues.
2It is very efficient to treat arthrosis, arthritis, fibromyalgia, bursitis, tendonitis, contusions, muscle distensions, and rheumatism.
3Anti-inflammatory This substance induces the production of endogenous corticosteroids, and is used to treat arthritis, neuritis, tendonitis, bursitis, sports lesions, and tonsillitis.
4You can have a bruise that can later into bursitis.
5The bark of cat's claw has traditionally been used to treat arthritis, bursitis and intestinal disorders.
rickets
/ˈɹɪkɪts/
noun
a condition in children in which bones soften and become more susceptible to fractures and irregularities due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate
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Examples

1Vote for RICKETS, THAT's NOVEMBER.
tennis elbow
/tˈɛnᵻs ˈɛlboʊ/
noun
painful inflammation of the tendon at the outer border of the elbow resulting from overuse of lower arm muscles (as in twisting of the hand)

Examples

cumulative trauma disorder
/kjˈuːmjʊlətˌɪv tɹˈɔːmə dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
noun
a condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged, repetitive use of certain muscles, tendons, or nerves, leading to pain, inflammation, and functional impairment in affected areas

Examples

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