yellow fever
/jˈɛloʊ fˈiːvɚ/
noun
a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes
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Examples

1People caught malaria and yellow fever.
2Really, yellow fever was just Asian girls.
3That wasn't yellow fever.
4It's like yellow fever.
5These liver issues occasionally caused yellowing of the skin, hence the name yellow fever.
tetanus
/ˈtɛtənəs/
noun
a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds
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Examples

1Treatment of tetanus involves application of tetanus immune globulin and supportive care measures.
2Finally, tetanus vaccine immunization can prevent the disease.
3Give him tetanus and diamorphine right away! -
4Tetanus is a very well-known bacterial disease.
5Statistically, it reduced tetanus cases by 95%.
swine flu
/swˈaɪn flˈuː/
noun
a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs
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Examples

1This includes swine flu, bird flu, Ebola, aids, foot and mouth, mad cow disease, and many seasonal flus.
2This during swine flu, the Obama Biden administration had 66 percent approval in a polarized political environment like the one that we have.
3This is the Swine Flu.
4In 2009, the world went into swine flu panic.
5A nice example of this came from last year and swine flu.
smallpox
/ˈsmɔɫˌpɑks/
noun
an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars
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Examples

1So, smallpox had a major impact in Western Europe.
2No person in the world had smallpox.
3Smallpox killed billions of people on this planet.
4One of the men had smallpox.
5Smallpox is a perfect example.
scrapie
/skɹˈæpaɪ/
noun
an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep
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Examples

1Some TSEs you may have heard of before include Mad Cow Disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in cattle, scrapie in goats and sheep, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans.
2Scrapie was only found in Western Europe for the first two hundred years of its known existence, but in the mid-20th century, a Michigan farmer imported sheep from England and his entire flock was killed off by the disease.
3Today, only Australia and New Zealand are known to be free from scrapie.
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
/ˈsɑɹz/
noun
a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus that can be easily passed from one person to another

Examples

SARS-CoV-2
/sˈɑːɹzkˈoʊ vˈiː tˈuː/
noun
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019
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Examples

1And that happened with SARS-CoV-2.
2One initial study from China showed decreases in SARS-CoV-2 transmission along with increases in humidity.
3This is SARS-CoV-2.
4SARS-CoV-2 shares between 80 to 90% of its genetic material with SARS, the virus we know about from 2003.
5- Severe acute respiratory syndrome, and now with COVID-19, we're facing SARS-COV-2.
pneumonia
/nəˈmoʊnjə/, /nuˈmoʊnjə/
noun
the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult
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Examples

1Patients get pneumonia.
2A large number of various organisms can cause pneumonia.
3Serious problems include pneumonia.
4Pneumonia can cause symptoms of cough and shortness of breath.
5Pneumonia spreads large amounts of bacteria throughout your lungs.
plague
/ˈpɫeɪɡ/
noun
a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected
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Examples

1Unfortunately, creative differences plagued the movie's long road to a theatrical release.
2Child travel neglect, basically, it plagues a couple of communities.
3Plague is a teacher.
4Religious strife plagued the Roman Empire of the Third Century AD.
5This question has plagued humanity for centuries.
pertussis
/pɝˈtəsɪs/
noun
a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties
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Examples

1Like pertussis, better known as whooping cough.
2In addition to this, though, pertussis toxin causes an increase in the absolute lymphocyte level in the blood, specifically an increase in the population of T cells floating around through a few mechanisms.
3Pertussis vaccine is most often given as a part of the DTap vaccine which stands for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis.
4Pertussis which causes whopping cough. - Whoop, whoop.
5Symptoms for pertussis include fever and runny nose.
meningitis
/ˌmɛnənˈdʒaɪtəs/
noun
a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature
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Examples

1What makes meningitis so dangerous compared to other diseases is the sheer speed with which it invades a person’s body.
2It invades the brain like meningitis.
3Modern researchers believe she may have had Scarlet Fever or, possibly, meningitis.
4- is he having meningitis?
5And he had Cryptococcal meningitis.
measles
/ˈmizəɫz/
noun
a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children
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Examples

1Cheer up, Measles.
2You’d be surprised, Measles.
3That’s right, Measles.
4Especially for the Childhood Vaccines we're all familiar with, MEASLES, PERTUSSIS, FLU, Et Cetera.
5MMR stands for Measles, Mumps and Rubella.
croup
/ˈkɹup/
noun
a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords
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Examples

1Epinephrine is the treatment of choice for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and severe croup.
2And then my middle son came down with croup and he had that horrible cough.
3But my boys are quite prone to getting Croup
4If your child has had Croup, you will know what I mean.
5Fraser used to get croup quite often when he was about three or four years old.
corona
/kɝˈoʊnə/
noun
an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
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Examples

1Excuse me sir, my name is corona.
2- She definitely has corona?
3- I did get corona.
4So, the name of the virus and the beer is 'Corona'.
5Forget corona.
Covid-19
/kˈɑːvɪd nˈaɪntiːn/
noun
an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic
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Examples

1Then in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic closed down clothing factories in China.
2Does COVID-19 go away?
3Will the vaccine cause COVID-19?
4She had COVID-19 back in March.
5Has COVID-19 changed the economic case for meat and dairy?
common cold
/kˈɑːmən kˈoʊld/
noun
a viral infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and can be caused by several different types of viruses
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Examples

1Some strains cause the common cold, for example.
2The common cold originated in camels.
3He has a common cold.
4Four of these coronaviruses cause the common cold.
5A study examined the effects of zinc on the common cold in children ages one to 10.
cholera
/ˈkɑɫɝə/
noun
a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting
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Examples

1In Yemen, for instance, a massive outbreak of cholera began in 2016 during a Civil War as the sewage system fell apart.
2Medicine can treat cholera.
3During that time, his mother told him folktales and true tales of horror, including her experiences during an outbreak of cholera in 1832.
4When Snow observed the situation in London, he therefore concluded that cholera was spread by tiny fecal particles in the water.
5In England in 1835, cholera killed many people.
chickenpox
/tʃˈɪkɪnpˌɑːks/
noun
a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children
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Examples

1- Who didn't have chickenpox then, obviously.
2The first exposure to the virus, usually during childhood, leads to chickenpox.
3Did you ever get chickenpox?
4So Jessica has had chickenpox before.
5I got chickenpox.
long Covid
/lˈɑːŋ kˈɑːvɪd/
noun
a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover
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Examples

1They're staying sick with what's called long COVID.
2The M.E. community and long COVID communities are helping each other.
3And so there's a lot more information that is ongoing to show that full impact of long COVID.
4Even if you get mild disease, kids, young people get long COVID, there's no doubt.
5Many people with long Covid are the same people who have had more significant symptomatic illness.
leprosy
/ˈɫɛpɹəsi/
noun
a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose
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Examples

1Leprosy often begins as a simple skin condition.
2But people can cure leprosy.
3Immediately, that man's leprosy fell off.
4He adds leprosy.
5Leprosy likely came from water Buffalo.
rubella
/ɹuˈbɛɫə/
noun
a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness
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Examples

1We have a very good rubella vaccine, very good mumps vaccine.
2That same year physician and researcher Stanley Plotkin developed the rubella vaccine.
3Measles, mumps, rubella, smallpox, and chickenpox are all examples of Live-attenuated vaccines.
4Thanks to the numerous campaigns and vaccination drives, rubella was finally gone from the US around 2004.
5Rubella shots are given as triple-antigens known as the MMR vaccine.
gastric flu
/ɡˈæstɹɪk flˈuː/
noun
an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

Examples

paratyphoid fever
/pˈæɹətˌɪfɔɪd fˈiːvɚ/
noun
any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever

Examples

ebola
/iˈboʊɫə/
noun
a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots
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Examples

1Another area of the body Ebola attacks is the liver.
2And the topic was Ebola.
3- Is this Ebola?
4Now one of the most deadly infections out there is Ebola.
5The carrier, Phoenix Air, often evacuates Ebola patients.
tonsillitis
/tˌɑːnsɪlˈaɪɾɪs/
noun
an infection or inflammation of the tonsils
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Examples

1And as our tonsils get smaller, so do our chances of a sore throat from tonsillitis.
2It sets you up for recurrent tonsillitis.
3Blackjack is good for inflammation, rheumatism, sore throats, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and stomach ulcers.
4It is great to fight colds, flu, tonsillitis, cough, asthma, and allergies.
5Oh those tonsils are really enlarged, Gerald. - Oh, tonsillitis.
mumps
/ˈməmps/
noun
an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck
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Examples

1Mumps is a disease caused by the mumps virus, which is a member of the paramyxoviridae family.
2Mumps vaccine has reduced the occurrence of mumps dramatically, with outbreaks happening most often in areas where children aren’t vaccinated.
3Measles, Mumps, and Rubella this is an established vaccine also quite expensive.
4Mumps vaccine is available in combination with vaccines for rubella and measles.
5MMR stands for Measles, Mumps and Rubella.
diphtheria
/dɪfˈθɪɹiɑ/
noun
a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat
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Examples

1Following the operation, she came down with diphtheria.
2Examples on these ones are protecting against tetanus and diphtheria.
3There are vaccines for rabies, for typhoid, diphtheria.
4Diphtheria vaccine Another deadly disease caused by bacteria.
5Diphtheria vaccines are given as a combination shot with tetanus and pertussis vaccine.
influenza
/ˌɪnfɫuˈɛnzə/
noun
an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
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Examples

1Hippocrates first described influenza in 412 BC.
2So the formal name for flu is influenza.
3- Unfortunately, influenza is constantly mutating.
4Children transmit influenza frequently but not SARS Cov2.
5Influenza will wreak absolute havoc on your nose, lungs and throat.
avian flu
/ˈeɪvɪən flˈuː/
noun
a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well
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Examples

1In fact, the major outbreaks like the Spanish flu of 1918, swine flu, avian flu, those were types of influenza A that were devastating on populations.
2Once again, the world was fortunate in that avian flu didn't spread readily among human beings.
3And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
4That's the sound of genetic mutations of the avian flu becoming a deadly human flu.
5And you have mad cow disease, you have swine flu, you have avian flu.
giardiasis
/dʒɐədˈɪæsiz/
noun
infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
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Examples

1Diarrhea-causing illnesses, like salmonella or giardiasis, are 30% more likely when you don't wash your hands.
infectious mononucleosis
/ɪnfˈɛkʃəs mˌɑːnoʊnˌuːklɪˈoʊsɪs/
noun
an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing

Examples

malaria
/məˈɫɛɹiə/
noun
a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito
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Examples

1These deadly parasites cause malaria.
2If every infected person quickly took malaria medicine, most would be well in a few days.
3This c**t's got malaria.
4Yet malaria persists.
5My mother came down with malaria.
toxic shock syndrome
/tˈɑːksɪk ʃˈɑːk sˈɪndɹoʊm/
noun
syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons
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Examples

1The materials also provide an environment that the bacteria staphylococcus like, which can lead to a rare but potentially fatal disease known as Toxic Shock Syndrome.
2In 1983 more than 2,200 cases of Toxic Shock Syndrome were reported to the CDC, but by 1997 there were only 5 cases.
3Even in the absence of Toxic Shock Syndrome, tampons that are forgotten for long periods of time are no fun for anybody.
typhoid
/ˈtaɪfɔɪd/
noun
a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen
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Examples

1Apparently instead of potties they had typhoid.
2What is typhoid fever, anyway?
3People are vaccinated against polio, typhoid, mumps, measles, rubella and many other sicknesses.
4And everybody gets typhoid.
5Die of typhoid?
tuberculosis
/təˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsɪs/, /tuˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsəs/, /tuˌbɝkjuˈɫoʊsəs/
noun
a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body
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Examples

1She had tuberculosis.
2Lots of people had tuberculosis.
3Tuberculosis is generally treatable with antibiotics.
4In conditions like that, tuberculosis runs riot.
5Tuberculosis also had an effect on gender issues.
bubonic plague
/bjuːbˈɑːnɪk plˈeɪɡ/
noun
the most common form of the plague in humans; characterized by chills, prostration, delirium and the formation of buboes in the armpits and groin; does not spread from person to person
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Examples

1But let's begin with the Black Death, a huge pandemic of a disease called Bubonic Plague, which spread to Europe from Asia.
2In the 14th century, conspiracy theorists claimed that Jewish people were responsible for the Bubonic Plague.
3The electors started to use the Tiergarten as a hunting ground in 1530, the city officially became Lutheran in 1539, and the Bubonic Plague killed around 6,000 people in 1576 just a couple decades before the city reached 12,000 people.
4A half decade after the blast, in 541, the first instance of Bubonic Plague struck the Byzantine trading nexus of Pelusium in Egypt, probably originating somewhere in the eastern steppe of Northern China.
5The new Red Bull formula is released in Austria, and spreads throughout the continent like the Bubonic Plague.
cytomegalovirus
/ˌsaɪtəˌmɛɡəɫoʊˈvaɪɹəs/
noun
any of a group of herpes viruses that enlarge epithelial cells and can cause birth defects; can affect humans with impaired immunological systems
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Examples

1So first case, CMV, virus, cytomegalovirus, should not preoccupy most people in this room.
2Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the infection of a fetus with cytomegalovirus, or CMV, during intrauterine life.
3Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the infection of a fetus with cytomegalovirus, or CMV, during intrauterine life.
4Cytomegalovirus, or CMV, is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the herpesviridae family.
5Many people with AIDS die from infections that a healthy immune system would typically be able to fend off, like pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, or mycobacterium avium complex.
epstein-barr virus
/ˈɛpstaɪnbˈɑːɹ vˈaɪɹəs/
noun
the herpes virus that causes infectious mononucleosis; associated with specific cancers in Africa and China

Examples

legionnaires' disease
/lˌiːdʒənˈɛɹz dɪzˈiːz/
noun
acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough

Examples

leptospirosis
/lˌɛptəspɪɹˈoʊsɪs/
noun
an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
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Examples

1And leptospirosis isn’t a perfect explanation.
2Next up is leptospirosis!
3The cattle are threatened by numerous diseases: Leptospirosis, anaemia and derrengadera a trypanosomiasis which attacks equine populations.
4The cattle are threatened by numerous diseases: Leptospirosis, anaemia and derrengadera a trypanosomiasis which attacks equine populations.
5- Leptospirosis or Lepto is a bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals.
mononucleosis
/mˌɑːnoʊnˌuːklɪˈoʊsɪs/
noun
an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
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Examples

1When I was 21, two of my college roommates and I all got mononucleosis at the same time.
2When I was 13-years-old, I was incorrectly prescribed amoxicillin for what was to be a virus called mononucleosis.
3Now in certain cases, I believe 60% of the cases, you will develop something known as a morbilliform rash, which is a full body rash, pink papules, macules, that is essentially a drug eruption, from taking amoxicillin with mononucleosis.
4- Mononucleosis, what is that?
5When you were in high school or college, you were probably warned about mononucleosis, or mono as it is often called.
scarlet fever
/skˈɑːɹlət fˈiːvɚ/
noun
an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
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Examples

1No one is sure what happened to Mileva and Albert's daughter, with many thinking she was either adopted or died of Scarlet Fever.
2Modern researchers believe she may have had Scarlet Fever or, possibly, meningitis.
scrofula
/skɹˈɑːfjʊlə/
noun
a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
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Examples

1It might also spread to the meninges of the brain, causing meningitis, the lumbar vertebrae, causing Pott disease, the adrenal glands causing addison’s disease, the liver causing hepatitis, and the cervical lymph nodes causing lymphadenitis in the neck, also known as scrofula.
typhus
/ˈtaɪfəs/
noun
a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body
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Examples

1You see, even modern fleas can transfer diseases like typhus, bartonellosis, and, yes, plague.
2Kato died of typhus in December, 1907 at the age of 22.
3And then later actually died of Typhus.
4Not long afterwards, the Loudun region was struck by a typhus plague.
5The hero of the defence of Cartagena, de Lezo, would die himself of typhus a few months later.
weil's disease
/wˈaɪlz dɪzˈiːz/
noun
a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings

Examples

yaws
/jˈɔːz/
noun
an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions

Examples

anthrax
/ˈænθɹæks/
noun
a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products
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Examples

1Well, under King's command, the facility mistakenly shipped live anthrax to other labs.
2Anthrax has caused outbreaks in some areas of Siberia.
3Is Anthrax bad?
4The anthrax attacks eventually stopped.
5Crack was anthrax back then, back when.
toxoplasmosis
/tˌɑːksəplɐzmˈoʊsɪs/
noun
a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces
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Examples

1Some estimates even say over a third of all humans have toxoplasmosis without knowing it.
2Toxoplasmosis creates in people a biological predisposition towards the promotion of cats, which gives the phrase viral media a whole new meaning.
3And though it was made by people, some with toxoplasmosis, no doubt, it is not similarly intertwined with felines.
4[Rhett] Toxoplasmosis, or whatever it is. -
5- Is this toxoplasmosis?
dengue fever
/dˈɛnɡi fˈiːvɚ/
noun
an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
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Examples

1While in the US, we don't have to worry about Malaria anymore, mosquitoes can still spread West Nile, Dengue Fever, Chikagunya, and most recently, Zika.
2All right, so the species we're talkin' about is the Aedes aegypti, they're the ones that carry Zika, Chikagunya, and Dengue Fever.
3So with Zika virus, just like other mosquito-borne viruses like dengue fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus, the mosquito acts as a vector that transmits the virus from one person to the next.
rocky mountain spotted fever
/ɹˈɑːki mˈaʊntɪn spˈɑːɾᵻd fˈiːvɚ/
noun
caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
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Examples

1NARRATOR: Including Lyme Disease, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
west nile virus
/wˈɛst nˈaɪl vˈaɪɹəs/
noun
the flavivirus that causes West Nile encephalitis
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Examples

1While the birds go about their daily lives in coops all over Disney World, their blood is constantly monitored for mosquito-borne diseases like West Nile Virus.
2Actress Mira Furlan died from complications of the West Nile Virus on Wednesday, January 20, 2021.
3How to Protect Yourself from West Nile Virus.

Great!

You've reviewed all the words in this lesson!