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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL /

Healthcare and Medicine

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1-
treatment
2-
medicine
3-
medication
4-
to heal
5-
painkiller
6-
to cure
7-
remedy
8-
to soothe
9-
to revive
10-
to rehabilitate
11-
therapy
12-
vaccine
13-
vaccination
14-
to isolate
15-
injection
16-
side effect
17-
immune
18-
practice
19-
pharmacy
20-
acupuncture
21-
mental health
22-
insurance
23-
hygiene
24-
anesthetic
treatment
treatment
noun
t
t
r
r
ea
i:
t
t
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
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an action that is done to relieve pain or cure a disease, wound, etc.

example
Example
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After the accident, he underwent extensive treatment to recover from his injuries and regain mobility.
The doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics as part of the treatment for the bacterial infection.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
medicine
medicine
noun
m
m
e
ɛ
d
d
i
ɪ
c
s
i
ə
n
n
e

a substance that treats injuries or illnesses

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
medication
medication
noun
m
m
e
ɛ
d
d
i
ɪ
c
k
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

something that we take to prevent or treat a disease, or to feel less pain

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to heal
to heal
Verb
h
h
ea
i:
l
l

to become healthy again

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
painkiller
painkiller
noun
p
p
ai
n
n
k
k
i
ɪ
ll
l
e
ɜ
r
r

a type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain

What is a "painkiller"?

A painkiller is a type of medication used to alleviate pain. Painkillers work by blocking or reducing the feeling of pain signals in the brain and nervous system. These medications are commonly prescribed or available over-the-counter and are used to manage various types of pain, from mild to intense.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to cure
to cure
Verb
c
k
u
r
r
e

to make someone regain their health

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
remedy
remedy
noun
r
r
e
ɛ
m
m
e
ə
d
d
y
i

a treatment or medicine for a disease or to reduce pain that is not severe

What is a "remedy"?

A remedy is a treatment or medicine used to relieve pain or cure a disease. Remedies can be natural, like herbs and plants, or manufactured, like over-the-counter or prescription drugs. They are used to deal with a wide range of health issues and symptoms, helping people feel better and recover from illnesses.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to soothe
to soothe
Verb
s
s
oo
u
th
ð
e

to reduce the severity of a pain

irritate

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to revive
to revive
Verb
r
r
e
i
v
v
i
v
v
e

to make a person become conscious again

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to rehabilitate
to rehabilitate
Verb
uk flag
/ˌɹiəˈbɪɫəˌteɪt/, /ˌɹihəˈbɪɫəˌteɪt/

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
therapy
therapy
noun
th
θ
e
ɛ
r
r
a
ə
p
p
y
i

the act of treating mental or physical illnesses

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
vaccine
vaccine
noun
v
v
a
æ
cc
ks
i
i
n
n
e

a substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases

What is a "vaccine"?

A vaccine is a substance given to stimulate the body's immune system to protect against a particular disease. It typically has a small, weakened, or a non-active part of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. When a person receives a vaccine, their immune system recognizes the foreign substance as a threat and produces antibodies to fight it. This process prepares the immune system to respond quickly if the person is exposed to the disease-causing organism in the future, preventing illness or reducing its intensity.

Grammatical Information:

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
vaccination
vaccination
noun
v
v
a
æ
c
k
c
s
i
ə
n
n
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the process or an act of introducing a vaccine into the body as a precaution against contracting a disease

What is "vaccination"?

Vaccination refers to the process of giving a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection against specific diseases. Vaccines typically contain a small, harmless piece of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease, which stimulates the immune system to recognize and fight the actual germs if it enters the body in the future. Vaccination is an important tool in preventing infectious diseases, reducing the spread of illnesses, and protecting public health. It can be given through injections, nasal sprays, or oral doses, depending on the vaccine.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
to isolate
Verb
i
s
s
o
ə
l
l
a
t
t
e

to keep a person or an animal apart to stop a contagious illness from spreading

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
injection
injection
noun
i
ɪ
n
n
j
ʤ
e
ɛ
c
k
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the action of putting a drug into a person's body using a syringe

What is an "injection"?

An injection is a method of delivering medication or fluids into the body using a needle and syringe. It can be given into different areas, such as a muscle, vein, or under the skin, depending on the type of medication and its intended effect. Injections are used for vaccines, pain relief, hormones, and other treatments that need to be given directly into the bloodstream or tissues.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
side effect
noun
uk flag
/sˈaɪd ɪfˈɛkt/

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

What is a "side effect"?

A side effect is an unwanted or unexpected symptom that occurs as a result of taking a medication or undergoing a treatment. Side effects can range from mild issues, like a headache or upset stomach, to more serious problems. They are not the main purpose of the medication but can occur alongside its intended benefits.

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
immune
immune
Adjective
i
ɪ
mm
m
u
ju
n
n
e

safe from catching a disease or being infected

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
practice
noun
p
p
r
r
a
æ
c
k
t
t
i
ɪ
c
s
e

the professional work or business of a doctor, lawyer, dentist, or other experts providing services to clients or patients

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
pharmacy
pharmacy
noun
ph
f
a
ɑ
r
r
m
m
a
ə
c
s
y
i

a shop where medicines are sold

What is a "pharmacy"?

A pharmacy is a facility where prescription medications and other health-related products are given and sold to patients. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians manage pharmacies, making sure that medications are accurately prepared and given according to prescriptions. Pharmacies also offer counseling on the proper use and potential side effects of medications.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
acupuncture
acupuncture
noun
a
æ
c
k
u
ju
p
p
u
ə
n
n
c
k
t
ʧ
u
ɜ
r
r
e

a method of treatment in which thin needles are inserted in specific spots on the body, originated in China

What is "acupuncture"?

Acupuncture is a traditional medical practice originating from China that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. It is believed to activate nerves, muscles, and connective tissue, which can enhance natural painkillers and blood flow. Acupuncture is used to ease pain, promote healing, and improve overall well-being. Based on the concept of balancing energy flow through pathways called meridians in the body, it is commonly used to treat conditions such as chronic pain, headaches, and stress. The needles used in acupuncture are very thin and cause minimal discomfort when inserted.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
mental health
noun
uk flag
/mˈɛntəl hˈɛlθ/

the well-being of a person's mind

mental illness
What is "mental health"?

Mental health refers to a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and handle stress or relate to others. Good mental health is important for overall quality of life and involves managing stress, maintaining positive relationships, and dealing with life's challenges effectively. Mental health issues, like depression or anxiety, can impact daily functioning and require support or treatment.

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
insurance
noun
i
ɪ
n
n
s
ʃ
u
ʊ
r
r
a
ə
n
n
c
s
e

the arrangement with an institute or agency according to which they guarantee to make up for the damages in the event of an accident or loss

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
hygiene
noun
h
h
y
g
ʤ
ie
i
n
n
e

the steps one takes to promote health and avoid disease, particularly by cleaning things or being clean

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun
anesthetic
anesthetic
noun
a
æ
n
n
e
ə
s
s
th
θ
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k

a type of drug that makes the whole or part of the body unable to feel pain when administered

Word Family

treat

Verb

treatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

mistreatment

Noun

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