Words related to "Law and Order" | Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL

justice

noun

j

ʤ

u

ə

s

t

i

ə

c

s

e

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a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

injustice

Example

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The victim's family sought justice through the court system for the crimes committed against their loved one.

She dedicated her career to fighting for social justice and equality for all.

constitution

noun

c

k

o

ɑ

n

s

t

i

ə

t

u

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

bill

noun

b

i

ɪ

ll

l

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

clause

noun

c

k

l

au

ɔ:

s

z

e

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

statute

noun

s

t

a

æ

t

ʧ

u

t

e

an officially written and established law

What is a "statute"?

A statute is a written law enacted by a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress. It establishes legal rules and regulations that must be followed within a particular area or region. Statutes are created through a formal process of drafting, debating, and voting, and they address various aspects of public and private life, including criminal conduct, civil rights, and administrative procedures. Once passed, a statute has the force of law and must be adhered to by individuals and institutions within the area it governs.

act

noun

a

æ

c

k

t

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

legislative

Adjective

l

e

ɛ

g

ʤ

i

ə

s

l

a

eɪ

t

i

ɪ

v

e

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

attorney

noun

a

ə

tt

t

o

ɜ

r

n

e

y

i

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

to pass

Verb

p

a

æ

ss

s

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

Grammatical Information:

transitive

declaration

noun

d

e

ɛ

c

k

l

a

ɜ

r

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

hearing

noun

h

ea

ɪ

r

i

ɪ

n

g

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

judicial

Adjective

j

ʤ

u

d

i

ɪ

c

ʃ

ia

ə

l

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

legitimate

Adjective

l

e

ə

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

t

i

ə

m

a

ə

t

e

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

plea

noun

p

l

ea

i

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

to prosecute

Verb

p

r

o

ɑ

s

e

ə

c

k

u

ju

t

e

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

defend

Grammatical Information:

transitive

ruling

noun

r

u

l

i

ɪ

n

g

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

to sentence

Verb

s

e

ɛ

n

t

e

ə

n

c

s

e

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

Grammatical Information:

transitive

to testify

Verb

t

e

ɛ

s

t

i

ə

f

y

aɪ

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

Grammatical Information:

intransitive

testimony

noun

t

e

ɛ

s

t

i

ə

m

o

oʊ

n

y

i

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

evidence

noun

e

ɛ

v

i

ə

d

e

ə

n

c

s

e

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

trial

noun

t

r

ia

aɪə

l

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

verdict

noun

v

e

ɜ

r

d

i

ɪ

c

k

t

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

bail

noun

b

ai

eɪ

l

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

to appeal

Verb

a

ə

pp

p

ea

i

l

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

Grammatical Information:

transitive

defendant

noun

d

e

ɪ

f

e

ɛ

n

d

a

ə

n

t

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

plaintiff

to charge

Verb

ch

ʧ

a

ɑ

r

g

ʤ

e

to officially accuse someone of an offense

Grammatical Information:

transitive

action

noun

a

æ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

lawsuit

noun

l

a

ɔ

w

s

ui

u

t

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

to sue

Verb

s

ue

u

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Grammatical Information:

transitive

proceedings

noun

p

r

o

ə

c

s

ee

i

d

i

ɪ

n

g

s

z

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

sheriff

noun

sh

ʃ

e

ɛ

r

i

ə

ff

f

an elected officer of law in a county

inspector

noun

i

ɪ

n

s

p

e

ɛ

c

k

t

o

ɜ

r

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

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