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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL /

The Environment and Weather

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1-
ecosystem
2-
ecology
3-
sanctuary
4-
green belt
5-
fossil fuel
6-
alternative fuel
7-
zero-emission
8-
environmentally friendly
9-
biodegradable
10-
eco-friendly
11-
to refine
12-
nonrenewable
13-
conservation
14-
carbon footprint
15-
climate change
16-
wildfire
17-
tsunami
18-
toxic
19-
pollutant
20-
greenhouse effect
21-
smog
22-
ozone layer
23-
eruption
24-
deforestation
25-
to contaminate
26-
consumption
27-
blizzard
28-
humid
29-
monsoon
30-
thunder
ecosystem
ecosystem
noun
e
i
c
k
o
s
s
y
ɪ
s
s
t
t
e
ə
m
m
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a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

example
Example
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Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life.
The Amazon rainforest is a vital ecosystem that regulates global climate patterns.
ecology
ecology
noun
e
i
c
k
o
ɑ
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
y
i

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

sanctuary
sanctuary
noun
s
s
a
æ
n
n
c
k
t
ʧ
ua
r
r
y
i

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

green belt
noun
uk flag
/ɡɹˈiːn bˈɛlt/

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

Grammatical Information:

fossil fuel
fossil fuel
noun
uk flag
/ˈfɑsəl ˈfjuːəl/

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
alternative fuel
noun
uk flag
/ɔːltˈɜːnətˌɪv fjˈuːəl/

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

What is "alternative fuel"?

Alternative fuel refers to any fuel other than gasoline or diesel that is used to power vehicles. These fuels include electricity, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, ethanol, and biodiesel. They are often considered better for the environment because they can produce fewer harmful gases and reduce the use of oil-based fuels. Some alternative fuels, like electricity and hydrogen, can power vehicles without releasing harmful gases, while others, like ethanol and biodiesel, are made from renewable sources, helping to lower dependence on nonrenewable fuels.

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
zero-emission
Adjective
uk flag
/zˈiəɹoʊɪmˈɪʃən/

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

environmentally friendly
Adjective
uk flag
/ɛnvˌaɪɹənmˈɛntəli fɹˈɛndli/

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

biodegradable
Adjective
b
b
io
aɪoʊ
d
d
e
ə
g
g
r
r
a
d
d
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

eco-friendly
Adjective
uk flag
/ˌiːkoʊˈfrɛndli/ , /ˌɛkoʊˈfrɛndli/

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

to refine
to refine
Verb
uk flag
/ɹəˈfaɪn/, /ɹɪˈfaɪn/

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

Grammatical Information:

transitive
nonrenewable
nonrenewable
Adjective
uk flag
/nɑnɹiˈnuəbəɫ/

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

conservation
noun
c
k
o
ɑ
n
n
s
s
e
ɜ
r
r
v
v
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

carbon footprint
noun
uk flag
/ˈkɑrbən ˈfʊtˌprɪnt/

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
climate change
climate change
noun
uk flag
/ˈklaɪmət ˌʧeɪndʒ/

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
wildfire
wildfire
noun
w
w
i
l
l
d
d
f
f
i
aɪɜ
r
r
e

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

tsunami
tsunami
noun
t
s
s
u
u
n
n
a
ɑ
m
m
i
i

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

toxic
toxic
Adjective
t
t
o
ɑ
x
ks
i
ɪ
c
k

consisting of poisonous substances

pollutant
noun
p
p
o
ə
ll
l
u
u
t
t
a
ə
n
n
t
t

any substance that is harmful to the environment

greenhouse effect
noun
uk flag
/ˈɡriːnˌhaʊs ɪˈfɛkt/

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
smog
smog
noun
s
s
m
m
o
ɑ
g
g

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

ozone layer
noun
uk flag
/ˈoʊzoʊn lˈeɪɚ/

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
eruption
eruption
noun
e
i
r
r
u
ə
p
p
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

deforestation
deforestation
noun
d
d
e
ɪ
f
f
o
ɔ
r
r
e
ɪ
s
s
t
t
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

to contaminate
to contaminate
Verb
c
k
o
ə
n
n
t
t
a
æ
m
m
i
ə
n
n
a
t
t
e

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

Grammatical Information:

transitive
consumption
consumption
noun
c
k
o
ə
n
n
s
s
u
ə
m
m
p
p
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

blizzard
blizzard
noun
b
b
l
l
i
ɪ
zz
z
a
ə
r
r
d
d

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

humid
humid
Adjective
h
h
u
ju:
m
m
i
ɪ
d
d

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

monsoon
monsoon
noun
m
m
o
ɑ
n
n
s
s
oo
u
n
n

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

thunder
thunder
noun
th
θ
u
ʌ
n
n
d
d
e
ə
r
r

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

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