Words related to "Time and History" | Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL

before Christ

Adverb

/bɪfˌoːɹ kɹˈaɪst/

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marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

Example

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The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC.

The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza began around 2580 BC.

Grammatical Information:

adverb of time

era

noun

e

ɛ

r

a

ə

a period of history marked by particular features or events

millennium

noun

m

i

ə

ll

l

e

ɛ

nn

n

iu

iə

m

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

millennial

Adjective

m

i

ɪ

ll

l

e

ɛ

nn

n

ia

iə

l

relating to a time span of a thousand years

century

noun

c

s

e

ɛ

n

t

ʧ

u

ə

r

y

i

a period of one hundred years

decade

noun

d

e

ɛ

c

k

a

eɪ

d

e

ten years of time

age

noun

a

eɪ

g

ʤ

e

a period of history identified with a particular event

chronological

Adjective

ch

k

r

o

ɑ

n

o

ə

l

o

ɑ

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

c

k

a

ə

l

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

eternity

noun

e

i

t

e

ɜ

r

n

i

ə

t

y

i

time that is endless

eventual

Adjective

e

ə

v

e

ɛ

n

t

ʧ

ua

uə

l

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

annually

Adverb

a

æ

nn

n

u

ju

a

ə

ll

l

y

i

in a way that happens once every year

Grammatical Information:

adverb of time

biannual

Adjective

b

ia

aɪæ

nn

n

ua

uə

l

taking place twice a year

indefinitely

Adverb

i

ɪ

n

d

e

ɛ

f

i

ə

n

i

ə

t

e

l

y

i

for an unspecified period of time

subsequently

Adverb

/ˈsəbsəkwəntɫi/

after a particular event or time

Grammatical Information:

adverb of time

simultaneously

Adverb

s

i

aɪ

m

u

ə

l

t

a

eɪ

n

eou

iə

s

l

y

i

at exactly the same time

Grammatical Information:

adverb of manner

beforehand

Adverb

b

e

ɪ

f

o

ɔ

r

e

h

a

æ

n

d

at an earlier time

Grammatical Information:

adverb of time

frequently

Adverb

f

r

e

i

q

k

u

w

e

ə

n

t

l

y

i

regularly and with short time in between

rarely

Grammatical Information:

adverb of frequency

instantly

Adverb

i

ɪ

n

s

t

a

ə

n

t

l

y

i

with no delay and at once

Grammatical Information:

adverb of time

former

Adjective

f

o

ɔ

r

m

e

ɜ

r

referring to the first of two things mentioned

latter

Adjective

l

a

æ

tt

t

e

ɜ

r

referring to the second of two things mentioned

former

leap year

noun

/lˈiːp jˈɪɹ/

a year in every four years that has 366 days instead of 365

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

seasonal

Adjective

s

ea

i

s

z

o

ə

n

a

ə

l

typical or customary for a specific time of year

year-round

solstice

noun

s

o

ɔ

l

s

t

i

ɪ

c

s

e

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

continual

Adjective

c

k

o

ə

n

t

i

ɪ

n

u

ju

a

ə

l

happening repeatedly or continuously in an annoying or problematic way

sporadic

dusk

noun

d

u

ə

s

k

the time after sun sets that is not yet completely dark

later on

Adverb

/lˈeɪɾɚɹ ˈɑːn/

after the time mentioned or in the future

prehistoric

Adjective

/ˌpɹihɪˈstɔɹɪk/

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

primitive

Adjective

p

r

i

ɪ

m

i

ə

t

i

ɪ

v

e

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

civilization

noun

c

s

i

ɪ

v

i

ə

l

i

ɪ

z

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

medieval

Adjective

m

e

i

d

ie

i

v

a

ə

l

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

golden age

noun

/ɡˈoʊldən ˈeɪdʒ/

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

archive

noun

a

ɑ

r

ch

k

i

aɪ

v

e

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

What is an "archive"?

An archive is a collection of records, documents, or materials that are preserved for their historical, legal, or informational value. Archives can include a variety of items such as manuscripts, photographs, letters, and other documents. They are often maintained by institutions, libraries, or organizations to keep important information safe and accessible for future reference. The process of archiving involves organizing, cataloging, and storing these materials to ensure their preservation and usability over time.

origin

noun

o

ɔ

r

i

ə

g

ʤ

i

ə

n

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

anno Domini

Adverb

/ˈænoʊ dəmˈiːni/

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

monument

noun

m

o

ɑ

n

u

j

ə

m

e

ə

n

t

a place or building that is historically important

Common Era

Adverb

/kˈɑːmən ˈiəɹə/

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

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