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1-
ailment
2-
agony
3-
syndrome
4-
acute
5-
chronic
6-
contagious
7-
breathless
8-
dizzy
9-
fatal
10-
feverish
11-
swollen
12-
asthma
13-
bird flu
14-
Covid-19
15-
diarrhea
16-
hay fever
17-
HIV
18-
measles
19-
plague
20-
stroke
21-
blister
22-
lump
23-
rash
24-
scar
25-
swelling
26-
collapse
27-
fatigue
28-
fracture
29-
to bounce back
30-
to complain of
31-
to faint
32-
to infect
33-
addict
34-
carrier
35-
epidemic
36-
pandemic
37-
outbreak
38-
parasite
39-
shiver
40-
worn out
41-
stuffy
42-
to chafe
ailment
ailment
noun
ai
l
l
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
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an illness, often a minor one

example
Example
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She visited the doctor to discuss her persistent stomach ailment.
The herbal remedy provided relief from minor ailments like headaches and colds.
agony
agony
noun
a
æ
g
g
o
ə
n
n
y
i

severe physical or mental pain

syndrome
noun
s
s
y
ɪ
n
n
d
d
r
r
o
m
m
e

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

acute
Adjective
a
ə
c
k
u
ju
t
t
e

characterized by severe intensity or seriousness

chronic
chronic
Adjective
ch
k
r
r
o
ɑ
n
n
i
ɪ
c
k

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

acute
contagious
contagious
Adjective
c
k
o
ə
n
n
t
t
a
g
ʤ
iou
ə
s
s

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

breathless
Adjective
b
b
r
r
ea
ɛ
th
θ
l
l
e
ə
ss
s

unable to breathe easily

breathing
dizzy
dizzy
Adjective
d
d
i
ɪ
zz
z
y
i

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

fatal
fatal
Adjective
f
f
a
t
t
a
ə
l
l

resulting in death

nonfatal
feverish
feverish
Adjective
f
f
e
i
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
i
ɪ
sh
ʃ

having or caused by a fever

swollen
swollen
Adjective
s
s
w
w
o
ll
l
e
ə
n
n

(of a part of the body) unusually large, particularly because of an injury or illness

asthma
asthma
noun
a
æ
s
z
th
m
m
a
ə

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

What is "asthma"?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lungs. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency, and they may be triggered by factors like allergens, exercise, cold air, or respiratory infections. While there is no cure for asthma, it can be managed effectively with medications such as inhalers to control inflammation and open the airways, as well as by avoiding triggers and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Regular monitoring and treatment can help people with asthma lead active and fulfilling lives while minimizing the risk of flare-ups and complications.

bird flu
noun
uk flag
/bˈɜːd flˈuː/

a dangerous disease among birds, especially poultry, that can be transmitted to humans and sometimes kill them

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
Covid-19
noun
uk flag
/kˈɑːvɪd nˈaɪntiːn/

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

What is "Covid-19"?

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It mainly spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms can vary but commonly include fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, and loss of taste or smell. While most cases are mild, some individuals may experience serious complications, particularly older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Preventive measures like wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and getting vaccinated help reduce the spread of the disease and protect people against serious illness.

diarrhea
noun
d
d
ia
aɪɜ
rr
r
h
ea

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

What is "diarrhea"?

Diarrhea is a common condition where a person passes loose or watery stools more frequently than usual. It can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, food poisoning, dietary changes, medications, or underlying medical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Symptoms of diarrhea may include frequent bowel movements, abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and sometimes fever. Treatment typically involves staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, consuming bland foods, and avoiding foods and drinks that can worsen diarrhea, such as caffeine and dairy products. In some cases, over-the-counter medications may help ease symptoms. However, if diarrhea persists for more than a few days, or is accompanied by severe symptoms like dehydration, blood in the stool, or high fever, it is important to seek medical attention.

hay fever
noun
uk flag
/hˈeɪ fˈiːvɚ/

an illness that causes a runny nose and watery eyes, caused by dust from plants that come into the body through the air

Grammatical Information:

compound noun
HIV
noun
uk flag
/ˌeɪtʃˌaɪvˈiː/

the virus that causes a very dangerous disease called AIDS, transmitted through blood or sexual activity

Wha is "human immunodeficiency virus"?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections. HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system becomes severely weakened, leaving the body vulnerable to infections and certain cancers. HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively control the virus, allowing people with HIV to live long and healthy lives. Prevention actions such as practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and HIV testing are essential for reducing the spread of the virus.

measles
measles
noun
m
m
ea
i
s
z
ə
l
l
e
s
z

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

What is "measles"?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It primarily affects children and is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red, spotty skin rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

plague
noun
p
p
l
l
a
g
g
u
e

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

What is the "plague"?

Plague is a serious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. It is usually spread through the bite of infected fleas, which can carry the bacterium from rodents to humans. Plague has historically caused widespread pandemics, like the Black Death in the Middle Ages, but today it is rare and mostly occurs in specific regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Symptoms may include fever, chills, weakness, swollen glands, and difficulty breathing. Quick treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent serious complications and death. Public health measures, such as controlling rodents and preventing flea bites, are also important for stopping the spread of plague.

stroke
noun
s
s
t
t
r
r
o
k
k
e

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

What is a "stroke"?

A stroke occurs when part of the brain does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients because the blood supply is cut off or reduced. This can happen because of a blockage in an artery, known as an ischemic stroke, or the bursting of a blood vessel, known as a hemorrhagic stroke. Symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, trouble walking, dizziness, and an intense headache. Immediate medical attention is critical for treating a stroke, as early treatment can minimize brain damage and improve outcomes. Treatment may involve medications, procedures to remove blood clots, and rehabilitation to regain lost functions.

blister
blister
noun
b
b
l
l
i
ɪ
s
s
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

What is a "blister"?

A blister is a small, fluid-filled bump on the skin. It forms when the outer layer of the skin becomes damaged, often due to friction, burns, or irritation. The fluid inside the blister helps protect the damaged skin and promote healing. Blisters can vary in size and may be painful or itchy. They usually heal on their own within a few days as the body reabsorbs the fluid and the skin underneath repairs itself. Avoiding further irritation and keeping the blister clean can help prevent infection and promote faster healing.

lump
noun
l
l
u
ə
m
m
p
p

a swollen area under the skin, usually caused by a sickness or injury

rash
rash
noun
r
r
a
æ
sh
ʃ

a part of one's skin covered with red spots, which is usually caused by a sickness or an allergic reaction

scar
scar
noun
s
s
c
k
a
ɑ
r
r

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

swelling
noun
s
s
w
w
e
ɛ
ll
l
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

collapse
collapse
noun
c
k
o
ə
ll
l
a
æ
p
p
s
s
e

a situation in which a person suddenly falls down or loses consciousness because of tiredness or an illness

fatigue
fatigue
noun
f
f
a
ə
t
t
i
i
g
g
u
e

a feeling of extreme tiredness that is usually caused by physical or mental overwork or exercise

fracture
fracture
noun
f
f
r
r
a
æ
c
k
t
ʃ
u
ɜ
r
r
e

a crack or break in a bone or other hard substance

to bounce back
to bounce back
Verb
uk flag
/bˈaʊns bˈæk/

to regain health after an illness or become successful again after facing difficulties

get worse

Grammatical Information:

Phrasal Status
inseparable
phrase's verb
bounce
phrase's particle
back
to complain of
Verb
uk flag
/kəmplˈeɪn ʌv/

to state that one feels ill or one's body part is in pain

Grammatical Information:

transitive
to faint
to faint
Verb
f
f
ai
n
n
t
t

to suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.

Grammatical Information:

intransitive
to infect
to infect
Verb
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
e
ɛ
c
k
t
t

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

Grammatical Information:

transitive
addict
addict
noun
a
æ
dd
d
i
ɪ
c
k
t
t

someone who cannot stop taking, using, or smoking a substance

carrier
carrier
noun
c
k
a
æ
rr
r
ie
r
r

a person or animal that carries a disease, without suffering from it themselves, and transmits to other people or animals

What is a "carrier"?

A carrier is a person or animal that has microorganisms in their body that can cause diseases but does not show symptoms of the disease. Despite not being sick, carriers can still spread the infection to others. This can happen with various diseases, such as typhoid fever or certain types of viral infections. Identifying carriers is important in controlling the spread of infectious diseases, and measures may include monitoring, isolation, or treatment to prevent transmission.

epidemic
noun
e
ɛ
p
p
i
ə
d
d
e
ɛ
m
m
i
ɪ
c
k

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

What is an "epidemic"?

An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects a large number of people within a community, region, or population at the same time, in contrast to a pandemic, which is a global outbreak of a disease. An epidemic often involves illnesses that were previously controlled or uncommon in the area. The spread can happen through person-to-person contact, contaminated food or water, or other methods. Public health measures, such as vaccination, quarantine, and hygiene practices, are typically used to control and prevent further spread of the disease.

pandemic
noun
p
p
a
æ
n
n
d
d
e
ɛ
m
m
i
ɪ
c
k

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

What is a "pandemic"?

A pandemic is a global outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of people across multiple countries or continents. Unlike an epidemic, which is limited to a specific area, a pandemic has a much broader geographic impact and can lead to widespread illness and disruption. Examples include the COVID-19 pandemic and the 1918 influenza pandemic. Controlling a pandemic typically involves working together across countries, widespread public health measures, vaccination campaigns, and efforts to reduce the spread of the disease through quarantine and hygiene practices.

outbreak
noun
o
a
u
ʊ
t
t
b
b
r
r
ea
k
k

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

parasite
noun
p
p
a
ɛ
r
r
a
ə
s
s
i
t
t
e

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

host
shiver
shiver
noun
sh
ʃ
i
ɪ
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r

a brief shaking movement of one's body as a result of fear or being cold

worn out
worn out
Adjective
uk flag
/wˈoːɹn ˈaʊt/

exhausted because of too much physical work

stuffy
Adjective
s
s
t
t
u
ə
ff
f
y
i

having difficulty breathing through one's nose, often due to a cold or allergy

to chafe
Verb
ch
ʧ
a
f
f
e

(of a body part) to become sore or irritated due to being rubbed against something

Congratulations! !

You learned 42 words from Lesson 30. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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