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C1 Level Wordlist /

Scholarly Research

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detectable
2-
empirical
3-
experimental
4-
preliminary
5-
qualitative
6-
quantitative
7-
scholarly
8-
theoretical
9-
to correlate
10-
to disprove
11-
to self-report
12-
to verify
13-
apparatus
14-
carbon dating
15-
clinical trial
16-
control
17-
guinea pig
18-
pseudoscience
19-
subject
20-
treatise
21-
abstract
22-
thesis
23-
literature
24-
citation
25-
limitation
26-
methodology
27-
randomization
28-
parameter
29-
peer review
30-
dissemination
detectable
Detectable
[ Adjective ]
d
d
e
ɪ
t
t
e
ɛ
c
k
t
t
a
ə
b
b
ə
l
l
e
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able to be noticed or discovered

example
Example
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The slight fragrance of roses was barely detectable in the air.
With the new technology, even the smallest traces of contaminants in the water are detectable.

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Empirical
[ Adjective ]
e
ɛ
m
m
p
p
i
ɪ
r
r
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Experimental
[ Adjective ]
e
ɪ
x
ks
p
p
e
ɛ
r
r
i
ɪ
m
m
e
ɛ
n
n
t
t
a
ə
l
l

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
preliminary
Preliminary
[ Adjective ]
p
p
r
r
e
ɪ
l
l
i
ɪ
m
m
i
ə
n
n
a
ɛ
r
r
y
i

occurring before a more important thing, particularly as an act of introduction

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Qualitative
[ Adjective ]
q
k
u
w
a
ɑ:
l
l
i
ə
t
t
a
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e

related to or involving quality of something, not numbers or amounts

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Quantitative
[ Adjective ]
q
k
u
w
a
ɑ:
n
n
t
t
i
ɪ
t
t
a
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e

related to or involving numbers or amounts, not quality

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Scholarly
[ Adjective ]
s
s
ch
k
o
ɑ:
l
l
a
ə
r
r
l
l
y
i

related to or involving serious academic study

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Theoretical
[ Adjective ]
th
θ
eo
r
r
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
To correlate
[ Verb ]
c
k
o
ɔ:
rr
r
e
ə
l
l
a
t
t
e

to be closely connected or have mutual effects

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
to disprove
To disprove
[ Verb ]
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
p
p
r
r
o
u:
v
v
e

to show that something is false or incorrect

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
To self-report
[ Verb ]
uk flag
/sˈɛlfɹɪpˈoːɹt/

to freely provide information about oneself, often related to personal experiences, behaviors, etc.

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
To verify
[ Verb ]
v
v
e
ɛ
r
r
i
ə
f
f
y

to examine the truth or accuracy of something

Grammatical Information:

transitive

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Apparatus
[ noun ]
a
æ
pp
p
a
ə
r
r
a
æ
t
t
u
ə
s
s

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Carbon dating
[ noun ]
uk flag
/kˈɑːɹbən dˈeɪɾɪŋ/

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Clinical trial
[ noun ]
uk flag
/klˈɪnɪkəl tɹˈaɪəl/

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

What is a "clinical trial"?

A clinical trial is a research study performed to test new medical treatments, drugs, or procedures on people. The goal is to determine if these new methods are safe and effective. Participants in clinical trials receive the treatment that is being tested and are closely monitored for any effects. Trials are performed in phases, with each phase designed to answer specific questions about the treatment’s safety, dosage, and effectiveness before it becomes widely available.

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Control
[ noun ]
c
k
o
ə
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
l
l

someone or something that is used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment to evaluate the results

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
guinea pig
Guinea pig
[ noun ]
uk flag
/ɡˈɪni pˈɪɡ/
Disapproving
Idiom
Informal

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

What is the origin of the idiom "guinea pig" and when to use it?

The idiom "guinea pig" has its origins in the early 17th century when guinea pigs were first introduced to Europe. These small rodents are not native to Guinea but were imported to Europe via Guinea, a region in West Africa. The exact reason for the association with Guinea remains unclear, but it is believed that European traders may have used the term "Guinea" to refer to any distant or exotic place. Guinea pigs were considered exotic animals when they were first brought to Europe, and the name likely reflects their foreign origin. In modern English, "guinea pig" is used metaphorically to refer to a person or creature used in experiments, tests, or trials to gather information or conduct research, often at some risk to their well-being.

Grammatical Information:

compound noun

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Pseudoscience
[ noun ]
p
s
s
eu
u
d
d
o
s
s
c
ie
aɪə
n
n
c
s
e

a set of practices or beliefs that are claimed to be scientific when in reality they have no scientific basis

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Subject
[ noun ]
s
s
u
ə
b
b
j
ʤ
e
ɛ
c
k
t
t

someone or something on which a study or experiment is performed

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Treatise
[ noun ]
t
t
r
r
ea
i:
t
t
i
ə
s
s
e

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

What is a "treatise"?

A treatise is a formal and detailed written work that explores a specific subject or topic in depth. It is typically scholarly in nature and provides a thorough examination, analysis, and explanation of the subject matter. A treatise is often structured logically, with clear arguments and evidence supporting the author's conclusions. It is usually longer than an article or essay and is intended to contribute to the academic or intellectual understanding of the subject. Treatises are commonly found in fields such as philosophy, law, science, or history.

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Abstract
[ noun ]
a
æ
b
b
s
s
t
t
r
r
a
æ
c
k
t
t

a brief summary that presents the key points of a book, speech, etc.

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Thesis
[ noun ]
th
θ
e
i:
s
s
i
ə
s
s

a statement that someone presents as a topic to be argued or examined

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Literature
[ noun ]
l
l
i
ɪ
t
t
e
ə
r
r
a
ə
t
ʧ
u
ə
r
r
e

writings or books on a specific subject

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Citation
[ noun ]
c
s
i
t
t
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

a line or sentence taken from a book or speech

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Limitation
[ noun ]
l
l
i
ɪ
m
m
i
ɪ
t
t
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

(usually plural) anything that limits something

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Methodology
[ noun ]
m
m
e
ɛ
th
θ
o
ə
d
d
o
ɑ:
l
l
o
ə
g
ʤ
y
i

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Randomization
[ noun ]
uk flag
/ɹˌændəmaɪzˈeɪʃən/

an arrangement done in an intentionally random manner to yield unbiased results

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Parameter
[ noun ]
p
p
a
ə
r
r
a
æ
m
m
e
ə
t
t
e
ə
r
r

a limit that controls or defines how something should be done

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Peer review
[ noun ]
uk flag
/pˈɪɹ ɹɪvjˈuː/

an assessment made of a scientific or academic research by people who are engaged in the same subject area

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective
Dissemination
[ noun ]
d
d
i
ɪ
ss
s
e
ɛ
m
m
i
ə
n
n
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n

the action of spreading information or news

Word Family

detect

Verb

detectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

undetectable

Adjective

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You learned 30 words from Lesson 48. To improve learning and review vocabulary, start practicing.

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